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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 3: Cellular Level of Organization > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Cellular Level of Organization Flashcards

1
Q

Cell

A

basic unit of all living things

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2
Q

Prokaryotic Cell

A

have no nucleus

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3
Q

Eukaryotic Cell

A

complex cells with a nucleus and organelles

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4
Q

True or False: All plants, animals, and fungi are eukaryotes.

A

True

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5
Q

What are the three main parts of the cell?

A
  • plasma membrane
  • cytoplasm
  • nucleus
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6
Q

Characteristics of the Plasma Membrane (Plasmalemma)

A
  • selectively permeable barrier
  • transmembrane proteins that play a role in cellular communication
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7
Q

Characteristics of the Cytoplasm

A
  • cytosol is the goo (mostly water)
  • organelles are inclusions with specific functions
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8
Q

Cytoplasm

A

everything but the nucleus

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9
Q

Nucleus

A

contains DNA

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10
Q

Characteristics of the DNA inside the Nucleus

A
  • DNA rolled up into chromosomes
  • each chromosome contains thousands of genes
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11
Q

How do materials get in and out of the cell?

A

Transport Processes

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12
Q

Passive Processes (Passive Transport)

A

movement across the membrane without energy input

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13
Q

Does passive processes move with or against their concentration gradient?

A

with

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14
Q

Active Processes (Active Transport)

A

movement across a membrane with the use of energy (ATP)

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15
Q

Does active processes move with or against their concentration gradient?

A

against

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16
Q

Diffusion

A

passive spread of particles through random motion from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

17
Q

What are 5 things that affect diffusion?

A
  • amount of substance
  • steepness of concentration gradient
  • temperature
  • surface area
  • diffusion distance
18
Q

True or False: The sodium-potassium pump is found in all cells.

A

True

19
Q

Characteristics of Mitochondria

A
  • “powerhouse of the cell”
  • cite of ATP production
  • location of electron transport chain
20
Q

Phagocytosis

A

the ingestion of small and foreign particles in the cell

21
Q

Transcription

A

DNA is converted into RNA

22
Q

Translation

A

RNA uses ribosomes to help code proteins

23
Q

Chromatid

A

the leg portion of a chromasome

24
Q

Centromere

A

the very middle of a chromosome

25
Q

Mitosis

A

somatic cell division

26
Q

A somatic cell is ___.

A

diploid

27
Q

A somatic cell contains two sets of chromosomes, one set of chromosome containing ___ homologs.

A

23

28
Q

Meiosis

A

cell division of gametes or germ cells

29
Q

Gametes are ___.

A

haploid

30
Q

How many cells are in the average adult?

A

100 trillion

31
Q

How many different cell types are there?

A

around 210

32
Q

True or False: Cells are all the same shape and size.

A

False

33
Q

What does cellular diversity permit?

A

organization of cells

Anatomy and Physiology (5 decks)

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