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1st year systems ADAM > Embryology 1 > Flashcards

Embryology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three phases of pregnancy?

A

Pre-embryonic phase 0-3 weeks

Embryonic phase 4-8 weeks

Foetal phase 9-40 weeks

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2
Q

What are the cells that produce the sperm cells and the ova?

A

Spermatogonium

Oogonium

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3
Q

Where are the Spermatogonium and Oogonium found?

A

Gonads

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4
Q

What is the contents of a sperm cell?

A

22 chromosomes, 1 X, or 1 Y

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5
Q

What is the contents of an ovum?

A

(22+X)

3 polar bodies

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6
Q

What fuses to from the zygote?

A

(pro)Nucleus of sperm enters and fuses with (pro)nucleus of ovum

Creates diploid cell, ZYGOTE

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7
Q

What part of the sperm enters the ovum?

A

Only the nucleus

Rest of the cell is left behind

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8
Q

What happens during week one of pre-embryonic phase?

A
  • Zygote forms, divides to form blastocyst
  • Moves through uterine tube, to reach uterine cavity
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9
Q

Why are zygotes always unique?

A

No two sperm/ova are the same

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10
Q

Which parent is mitochondrial disease inherited from?

A

Mother

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11
Q

What does a zygote become after dividing?

A

Morula

Solid ball of cells

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12
Q

What day is a blastocyst formed?

A

Day 5/6 of pre-embryonic phase

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13
Q

Why is the blastocystic cavity formed?

A

Increasing number and size of cells makes it more difficult to get nutrition to central core of cells

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14
Q

How is the blastocystic cavity formed?

A
  • Cells accumulate at one end to form an inner cell mass.
  • The outer lining of cells is called the trophoblast.
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15
Q

How long does the first cell division take?

A

36 hours

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16
Q

What happens on day 5/6?

A

Blastula has formed

Reaches uterine cavity ready to implant in it

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17
Q

What is required for the the dividing zygote/ morula/ blastocyst fallopian tube to move and reach the uterine cavity?

A

Requires healthy ciliated epithelium

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18
Q

When is ectopic pregnancy likely to occur?

A
  • Cilia function is abnormal
  • Pregnancy occurs in uterine tube
  • Complications include rupturing of uterine tubes
19
Q

What is the endometrium?

A

Mucous membrane lining uterus

Thickens during menstrual cycle in preparation for possible implantation of an embryo

20
Q

When does the placenta start to develop?

A

Start by day 6 of 1st week, when implantation occurs in the uterine endometrial layer

21
Q

What starts to form at week 2?

A
  • Sacs, membranes and cord to nourish human conceptus (baby) start to form
  • Cells that later form embryo form a bilaminar disc
22
Q

What is the role of the chorion?

A

Burrowing

23
Q

What cells are initially called to trophoblasts?

A

Cells that form the outer cell mass

24
Q

What forms the chorion?

A

trophoblast

25
Q

What does the Chorion do?

A
  • Implantation process (chorionic villi)
  • Forms part of the placenta
  • Secretes human Chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) (used to detect pregnancy)
26
Q

What is the function of HCG?

A

Tells ovary to continue producing oestrogen and progesterone so endometrium does not get shed

27
Q

What is used to test for pregnancy?

A

HCG

Present in urine

28
Q

What is the decidua basalis?

A

part of the endometrium deep to the implanted conceptus.

29
Q

What is the decidua?

A

Area in endometrium where blastocyst implants

30
Q

Which part of the endometrium contains more blood vessels?

A

Decidua basalis

31
Q

When does HCG content increase until?

A

Increase till around 12 weeks gestation

32
Q

What is the change in structure of the inner cell mass?

A

Cells of the inner cell mass form a 2–layered flat disc called the BILAMINAR DISC

33
Q

What is the name of the two cell cavities formed by the inner cell mass?

A

2 cavities now begin to form

  • Amniotic cavity (A)
  • Yolk sac (Y)
34
Q

What are the names of the different layers of the Bilaminar disk

A

Top - Epiblast

Bottom - Hypoblast

35
Q

What is the name of the abbreviated structures?

A

AC – Amniotic cavity

CC – Chorionic cavity

AL – Allantoic cavity

YS – Yolk sac

36
Q

How does the chorion handle the blood of the embryo?

A

Prevents maternal blood and embryo blood to mix?

37
Q

Look

A
38
Q

What are the main functions of the placenta?

A

Main functions:

  1. Foetal nutrition
  2. Transport of waste and gases
  3. Immune etc
39
Q

Which part of the placenta is smooth?

A

Foetal part and surface: smooth with foetal blood vessels and end of umbilical cord

40
Q

Which part of the placenta is rough?

A

Maternal part: Decidua basalis of endometrium

Rough and has maternal blood vessels

41
Q

When is the placenta mature?

A

By 18-20 weeks

42
Q

How are fraternal/dizygotic twins formed?

A
43
Q

How does an identical twin/monozygotic twin formed?

A
44
Q

Summary of Weeks 1 and 2

A

1st year systems ADAM (52 decks)

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