UNIT 3 1B: Cell types and cell organelles Flashcards
Define Prokaryote
A single-celled organism that does not have membrane-bound organelles; includes bacteria and archea
Define Eukaryote
A single-celled or multi-cellular organism whose cells include membrane-bound organelles; includes
protists, fungi, plants, animals
Define compartmentalisation
is the formation of internal membranes to maintain the concentration of molecules that allow the reactants to interact with each other at optimal rates
2. And allows various chemical reactions to occur simultaneously in different places without interfering with each other.
What is a Neucleoid
In a prokaryote, an irregularly shaped area where the genetic material is located
Plasmid
A circular piece of double-stranded DNA found naturally in bacteria
Cytoplasm
All the contents inside the membrane of a cell, except the nucleus, includes organelles.
Organelle
A compartment within a cell that performs specific functions
Nucleus
A double membrane-bound organelle that contains genetic material (DNA, RNA)
Function of Nucleus
Controlls the cell activities. Contains DNA, which codes for proteins.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
An organelle that synthesises and transports lipids
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
An organelle that transports proteins in vesicles to the golgi apparatus
Golgi Apparatus
An organelle consisting of layers that modifies and packages proteins
Vesicle
An organelle that transports materials between organelles and within the cell.
Ribosome
A non-membrane bound organelle, made up of protein and ribosomal RNA; is the site of translation
Function of ribosomes
Synthesis of proteins, a process known as translation.