UNIT 3 5C: Cellular Respiration

Question 1

Energy Shuttle

Answer 1

The cycling between the formation of ATP when energy is stored and the formation of ADP and Pi when energy is released; also known as the ATP-ADP cycle

Question 2

outline the relationship between ATP and ADP in terms of energy release and energy storage

Answer 2

When a cell needs energy, the high-energy bond in ATP(between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate)is broken and a phosphate is removed, releasing the energy stored in the bond. This energy can be used for cellular processes.

Cells can store excess energy by adding an inorganic phosphate(Pi) back onto ADP, forming ATP once again.

Question 3

Uses for ATP

Answer 3

Cell growth and repair,
Muscle movement,
Transmission of nerve impulses,
Moving molecules by active transport,
Synthesising molecules (like proteins)

Question 4

What does ATP consist of

Answer 4

Adenine(a nitrogen-containing compound), a ribose(5 carbon sugar) and 3 phosphate groups

Question 5

What type of reaction is the conversion of ATP to ADP

Answer 5

Exergonic Catabolic

Question 6

What type of reaction is the conversion of ADP to ATP

Answer 6

Endergonic Anabolic

Question 7

Glycolysis

Answer 7

The first stage of cellular respiration, where glucose is broken down into two pyruvate molecules in the cytosol, producing 2ATP and 2 NADH; does not require oxygen

Question 8

Aerobic cellular respiration

Answer 8

Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen and involves the transformation of the chemical energy stored in glucose into ATP; includes the Krebs Cycle and the electron transport chain, which occur in the mitochondria.

Question 9

Anaerobic cellular respiration

Answer 9

Cellular respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen and involves the transformation of the chemical energy stored in glucose into 2ATP; the products depend on the type of organism carrying out the process

Question 10

NAD+

Answer 10

A coenzyme that accepts hydrogen ions and transfers them from one place to another during cellular respiration

Question 11

Word equation for Aerobic cellular respiration

Answer 11

Glucose+oxygen -> Carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 12

Chemical equation for Aerobic cellular respiration

Answer 12

C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 30 or 32ATP

Question 13

Cristae

Answer 13

A fold in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion and site of the 3rd stage of aerobic cellular respiration, the electron transport chain

Question 14

Matrix

Answer 14

The fluid component of a mitochondrion and site of the second stage of aerobic cellular respiration, the Krebs Cycle

Question 15

Why does a mitochondrion contain so many ribosomes

Answer 15

Due to the large number of enzymes that are required for the Krebs Cycle.

Question 16

ATP Synthase

Answer 16

An enzyme responsible for catalysing the formation of ATP from ADP and Pi

Question 17

Fermentation

Answer 17

The process by which glucose is broken down in the absence of oxygen to produce 2 ATP; also called anaerobic cellular respiration

Question 18

where does glycolysis occur

Answer 18

In the cytosol

Question 19

Where does the Electron Transport Chain occur

Answer 19

In the Cristae

Question 20

The Krebs Cycle

Answer 20

The Krebs Cycle, or citric acid cycle, produces two molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose that enters glycolysis and occurs in the fluid matrix of the mitochondria

Question 21

The Electron Transport chain

Answer 21

The electron transport chain occurs on the inner membrane of the mitochondria, the cristae, and produces 26 (or in some cases 28) molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose that entered glycolysis