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DNA: Identity, Disease, Design > DNA to Protein Synthesis > Flashcards

DNA to Protein Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

In most human cells there is a structure called what?

A

Nucleas

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2
Q

The nucleas contains the genome. True or False

A

True

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3
Q

Each chromosome contains a long strand of DNA tightly packaged. True or False

A

True

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4
Q

Histones are not a protein. True or False.

A

False. They are.

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5
Q

Within the DNA are sections called Jeans. They help you pick out your wardrobe. True or False.

A

False. Genes contain the instructions for making proteins. They show the traits.

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6
Q

When a gene is turned on, the RNA polymerase attaches to the gene and creates moves along the DNA creating RNA. This process is called Translation. True or False.

A

False. It is called Transcription.

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7
Q

What is Cytoplasm?

A

a Gel like fluid that binds to the messenger RNA to produce a chain made up of amino acids.

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8
Q

There are 26 types of amino acids. True or False.

A

False. There are 20 different types of amino acids

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9
Q

The messenger RNA is read 3 bases at a time. true or false.

A

True

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10
Q

What does the U stand for?

A
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11
Q

once the strand is transcript into RNA, and travels to a ribosome and it works on translated.

A

True

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12
Q

What does TRNA stand for?

A

Transfer RNA because it transfers amino acids to a ribosome.

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13
Q

MET stands for

A

methyomine, an amino acid

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14
Q

PRO stands for

A

proline, amino acid

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15
Q

LEU stands for

A

Lucine, an amino acid.

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16
Q

What are anticodons?

A

They are part of the TRNA.

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17
Q

What is genetic code?

A

It is a chart of the 20 amino acids. Its useful when going through the process of translation because it will show which codons go with which anticodons.

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18
Q

What is translation?

A

It is a process of translating RNA to proteins.

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19
Q

AUG is a codon. True or False.

A

True! It’s actually a start codon so it’s a spark codon because it can start the process of translation.

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20
Q

The anticodon bonds to a codon. True or False.

A

True. opposites attract.

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21
Q

HIS is the abbreviation for which amino acid?

A

Histamine

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22
Q

A codon includes 3 nucleotides. True or False.

A

True.

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22
Q

A codon includes 3 nucleotides. True or False.

A

True.

23
Q

Explain the difference between transcription and translation

A

Transcription is the DNA transcribing a copy into RNA. Translation is the process of RNA converting it into amino acids based on the genetic codes and the codon, anticodons.

24
Q

What happens when the anticodon doesn’t deliver the right one?

A

When they don’t match and are not opposites, this wrong transfer will drift away and the trna will drift away on the others.

25
Q

What happens when a stop codine happens?

A
26
Q

What are traits?

A

Traits are influenced by genes and the environment. they can be seen or invisible. for example, Height is also inherited but it’s also influenced by nutrition.

26
Q

What does A in DNA, pair with in RNA?

A

U

27
Q

Does translation or transcription happen first?

A

Transcription

28
Q

Name the parts for the anatomy of a gene

A

Prometer, Switch, Start Codon, Intron, Exon, Protein coding region, stop codon

29
Q

What does alternative splicing do in DNA

A

Allows the cell to use information in different ways

30
Q

At either end of the mRNA are 5-prime and 3-prime untranslated regions (UTRs). The UTRs are assembled from what are considered to be exons, even though they don’t directly code for protein. They do, however, contain sequences that are important in the protein-building process. T or F?

A

True

31
Q

What is a point mutation?

A
32
Q

What is an insertion mutation?

A
33
Q

What is a deletion mutation?

A
34
Q

What is a polypeptide?

A

linear unfolded polymer of amino acids

35
Q

What is a peptide bond?

A

COOH/NH2

36
Q

Explain N-terminus and C-terminus

A
37
Q

What is protein folding?

A

proteins are shaped by polypeptides (amino acids). Creates a binding site. It is a unique sequence of amino acids that form genetic information.

38
Q

All proteins bind to other molecules TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

39
Q

What are the 5 rules for transferring information stored in DNA into functional proteins?

A
  1. Always read RNA from 5-3. 2. Read in 3-letter groupings. 3. Reading or starting frame begins with AUG 4. Use the decoder key to translate a sequence. 5. The message stops at a stop codon.
40
Q

Differences in H groups produce 20 different amino acids

A

Nope it’s R Groups

41
Q

Amino Acids consist of four groups. True or False

A

True.

42
Q

Name all 8 types of proteins:

A

structural, storage, transport, hormonal, receptor, contractile, defensive, and enzyme

43
Q

What do enzyme proteins do?

A

selective acceleration of chemical reactions

44
Q

What do defensive proteins do?

A

They protect against disease

45
Q

What do contractile proteins do?

A

Movement

46
Q

What do receptor proteins do?

A

response of cell to chemical stimuli

47
Q

What do hormonal proteins do?

A

Coordination of organisms activities

48
Q

What do transport proteins do?

A

Transporting other substances

49
Q

What do storage proteins do?

A

The storage of amino acids

50
Q

What do structural proteins do?

A

Support and strength (hair connective tissue keratin, etc)

51
Q

The flow of genetic information from DNA to protein is often called what?

A

The central dogma

52
Q

During translation what is synthesized using an RNA molecule?

A

a polypeptide

53
Q

During transcription what is synthesized using a DNA molecule?

A

RNA

DNA: Identity, Disease, Design (16 decks)

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