Gene Regulation

Question 1

What is Lac Operone

Answer 1

The lac operon contains three genes: lacZ, lacY, and lacA. These genes are transcribed as a single mRNA, under control of one promoter.

Question 2

What does MRNA have to do with Lac Operone?

Answer 2

Lac operone is transcribed as a single MRNA. They encode proteins, to allow the bacteria to be broken down and used as energy.

Question 3

What is beta galactacidase?

Answer 3

It breaks down into simple sugars

Question 4

What is gene expression?

Answer 4

when a gene is activated and turned into RNA and then protein so that it can have gene expression

Question 5

What is the ecoli lac operon

Answer 5

It contains genes involved with lactose metabolism. It’s expressed only when lactose is present and glucose is absent.

Question 6

Define Bacterial dna.

Answer 6

A circular chromosome plus plasmids.

Question 7

What is a repressor?

Answer 7

It haults gene expression and stops the gene from expressing

Question 8

Why is the sugar molecule lactose important?

Answer 8

It can bind and so it helps to RNA polymerase break things down. It can help with expression by binding

Question 9

What is permease?

Answer 9

a membrane bound protein. Permease provides a direct route outisde the cell for it to be put into the cell.

Question 10

How does RNA polymerase help?

Answer 10

It helps with transcription

Question 11

T/F translation happens outside the cell

Answer 11

False. It happens inside the cell.

Question 12

gene regulation, define.

Answer 12

the decision to turn a gene on for expression or not.

Question 13

What is a promoter?

Answer 13

a short stretch of DNA that helps to tell the gene using a small code that it should begin the process of transcription.

Question 14

T or F: Polymerase is a promoter

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What is an inducer?

Answer 15

Factors (chemical or environmental) that turn on or turn off, activators or repressors according to the needs or conditions of the
cell. These can include sugars, other nutrients, heat, light, and hormones.

Question 16

What are consensus sequenceS?

Answer 16

Consensus sequences are the most commonly seen DNA sequence for that regulatory step, proteins bind to them because they recognize a specific sequence of bases – change the bases and the proteins attach less effectively.

Question 17

Explain how whole regions of DNA can be
permanently turned off.

Answer 17

DNA methylation is the modification of DNA by attachment of
methyl (-CH3) groups to cytosines.
* Methylated DNA binds more tightly to compaction proteins. This
turns off genes in the methylated sequences.
* Do you need hemoglobin in your eyes?

Question 18

What is CAP that binds to the cAMP?

Answer 18

It is a inducer for the activator.

Question 19

What is Laci?

Answer 19

the repressor?

Question 20

What is Lactose?

Answer 20

An inducer for the repressor

Question 21

What is lacZ, lacY, and lacA?

Answer 21

genes for the enzymes

Question 22

What is transacetalase?

Answer 22

Any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group from one molecule to another.

Question 23

What is an enzyme?

Answer 23

a protein

Question 24

What do inhibitors do?

Answer 24

It stops a gene from expressing.

Question 25

Protein synthesis means to make proteins or enzymes. True or False?

Answer 25

True.

Question 26

RNA polymerase needs a promoter to make proteins. Yes or no?

Answer 26

Yes that is true.

Question 27

The operator is a part of the dna where a repressor can combined and it can block the RNA polymerase. True or False?

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Lactose is a protein. True or False?

Answer 28

False. It’s a sugar.

Question 29

Fed bacteria are happy bacteria. True or false?

Answer 29

True. They want things broken down.

Question 30

What is recombanment DNA

Answer 30

DNA used from one organisms and moving it to another organism.

Question 31

what are restriction sites?

Answer 31

TAAGG, CCTTA, palindromic.