Exam 4

Question 1

What does Vista stand for?

Answer 1

Volunteers in Service to America.

Question 2

What is the Ladder of Citizen Participation?

Answer 2

Manipulation, Therapy, Informing, Consultation, Placation, Partnership, Delegated Power, and Citizen Control.

Question 3

What is a citizen professional?

Answer 3

A citizen professional sees themselves first as a citizen and second as a professional. they recognize life experiences and wisdom as important with knowledge needed. Citizen professionals weave together both private and professional dimensions. professionals have a vision for working with citizens to solve problems. Citizens are equals.

Question 4

Explain families and the democracy model?

Answer 4

This the citizen model. Putting families first. Helping citizens and professionals work together.

Question 5

Talk about the differences between helping and fixing and serving

Answer 5

Noami Ramond said that serving is the most effective. Fixing is a form of judgement. Helping connotes a relationship of non-equals. It’s based on inequality. Service is based on equals to us.

Question 6

What does it mean to “hear the music”?

Answer 6

Finding passion or engagement in what you are doing to make a difference. ofttimes we teach those around us the dance steps, but are not as successful in helping our family members hear in the music. Dance steps with our minds, but music with our hearts. Walk the walk, not talk the talk. Cannot be forced nor compelled.

Question 7

Name some community service clubs?

Answer 7

Rotary Clubs, Kiwani’s Clubs, Lion’ Service Clubs, or groups that try to serve their community.

Question 8

What is Doherty’s Principles and Strategies :

Answer 8

Strengthing families in our time must be done by families themselves, the greatest untapped resource for strengthening families is the knowledge wisdom and lived experiences in the community, families must be engaged as producers and contributors, professionals can play a role in family initiatives when they learn to partner with the family, If you begin with an established program, you will end up with a citizen owned initiative but you can help create or adopt one, a local community of families becomes energized when it retrieves its own historic traditions about life family and life brings them into a contemporary world, family and democracy initiatives should have a bold vision (Big Hairy Audacious goal) while being pragmatic with specific goals

Question 9

What is the purpose and history of VISTA and AmeriCorps? Who started it and who expanded it?

Answer 9

President John F. Kennedy originated the idea for VISTA, which was founded as Volunteers in Service to America in 1965, and incorporated into the AmeriCorps network of programs in 1993.

Question 10

What initiatives did William Doherty help to launch using the Families and Democracy Model? How are traditional models different from a citizen model of intervention? (Hint: Review tables) (article by Anderson)

Answer 10

The citizen model is also called the Families and Democracy Model. They are the same. The table is filled out in the article to refer to. Identify at least 3 differences between the two models. Time IN for Family is a community initiative with a mission of changing the culture of overscheduled and underconnected families by breaking down barriers to putting family time first.
a. attempt to reclaim the family dinner hour and encourage families to carve out and protect this time for connection and sharing.
b. Addresses the overscheduled and highly structured lives of children by working to create alternatives within the community that allow for a balance between family time and youth sports participation.

Question 11

Considering Naomi Remen’s (author of “In Service of Life”,) distinction between helping, fixing, and service, how would you recommend a community program addressing poverty serve those in need?

Answer 11

I would work on how to serve as a citizen model where everyone is equals and we are using citizen professionals to help. When you are serving someone, you are seeing them as whole and essential. I would talk with that community for ideas and we would come with a plan to allow vulnerability and set reachable goals without judgement.

Question 12

Anderson and Doherty (2005) contrast the traditional program approach to community intervention with that of the Families and Democracy Model or citizen approach. Share three differences between the two approaches.

Answer 12

The traditional program involves a family professional taking responsibility for defining the problem and developing the curriculum or intervention. A community based intervention program has those in the community define the problem and work with professionals to develop a curriculum or intervention.
o There is also a difference in scope of practice. In a traditional model, the scope of practice involves individual families or an individual family. In the citizens model, the scope of practices involves whole communities of families.
o There is a difference in location and duration. In a traditional model the location and duration are established by a professional. In a citizen model, the location and duration are decided jointly by those in the community and by professionals assisting.

Question 13

What does the Rotary do?

Answer 13

Provide service to others, promote integrity, and advance world understanding, goodwill, and peace through our fellowship of business, professional, and community leaders. Polio eradication. The rotary is the oldest. 1905

Question 14

What does Kiwanis do?

Answer 14

global organization of volunteers dedicated to improving the world one child and one community at a time. Children focused. Kiwanis is a native American for “we build”

Question 15

What does the Lion club do?

Answer 15

Volunteers and partners to improve health and wellbeing, strengthen communities, and support those in need through humanitarian service. Blindness

Question 16

What was the progressive era?

Answer 16

a time period with a lot of business growth and reform 1900-1929

Question 17

What was the Gospel of Wealth?

Answer 17

the issue of wealth inequality that was budding in the United States.

Question 18

What was the war on poverty?

Answer 18

The War on Poverty ushered in a new era of Federal Government leadership in providing income and nutrition support, access to educa- tion, skills training, health insurance and a myriad of other services to low-income Americans.President Johnson spearheaded the movement

Question 19

What is a 501(c)3?

Answer 19

A 501(c)3 is a nonprofit status so that they can receive tax advantages for themselves and those who donate to them are required to meet certain requirements.

Question 20

What is the difference between a Public charity vs. non profit foundation:

Answer 20

1.Primarily Make Grants - Public- No. Private-Yes
2.Receive most of their support from the general public. Public- Yes. Private -No.
3. Required to prove that most funding comes from public support. Public - yes. Private - No
4. Required to pick a diversified board of directors. Public - yes. Private - no.

Question 21

What is an inurement?

Answer 21

When an “insider” of an exempt organization receives any of an organization’s net income or inappropriately uses any of its assets for personal gain. An insider is a person who has a personal and private interest in the activities of an organization. Examples are officers, directors, and key employees. Any amount of inurement, no matter how small, can jeopardize an organization’s tax-exempt status. (This does not include paying reasonable salaries or providing services to individuals as part of an organization’s exempt-function activities.)

Question 22

What is a Fiduciary:

Answer 22

A fiduciary is someone who manages money or property for someone else.

Question 23

What is the difference between Governance vs. management:

Answer 23

Boards who are managing will focus on small details, departmental processes, and/or individual outcomes. Boards who govern are concerned with organizational health, enterprise structure, strategic relevance and direction, and institutional results. The distinctions could be described as a matter of scale.

Question 24

What is a charity navigator?

Answer 24

Charity Navigator is a research tool for anyone looking to make a difference.

Question 25

What is a mission drift?

Answer 25

Mission drift occurs when an organization’s resources and activities are diverted from its formal goals.

Question 26

What is Mission-driven fundraising?

Answer 26

Mission-driven fundraising- fundraising designed. and executed to align with and promote the. organizational mission.

Question 27

What is Diversification (or comprehensive financing):

Answer 27

Diversification is an investment strategy based on the premise that a portfolio with different asset types will perform better than one with few.

Question 28

What are Bylaws?

Answer 28

a rule made by a company or society to control the actions of its members.

Question 29

What is Founder’s syndrome?

Answer 29

a popular term for a difficulty faced by organizations where one or more founders maintain disproportionate power and influence following the effective initial establishment of the project, leading to a wide range of problems for both the organization and those involved in it.

Question 30

What is an RFP?

Answer 30

Requests for Proposals spell out the specific requirements and types of projects that will be funded.

Question 31

What is an RFA:

Answer 31

A request for application is a type of solicitation notice in which an organization announces that grant funding is available.

Question 32

What is a letter of inquiry?

Answer 32

a Letter of interest into the opportunity

Question 33

What is an award of letter?

Answer 33

If you receive an award letter, then your grant proposal was accepted, and then you will receive a letter sharing the good news and stipulating details.

Question 34

What information is provided by Charity Navigator?

Answer 34

Having a high Charity Navigator rating is important to the marketing and fundraising efforts of many nonprofits.

Question 35

What can a nonprofit do to avoid the challenges of founder’s syndrome?

Answer 35

a popular term for a difficulty faced by organizations where one or more founders maintain disproportionate power and influence following the effective initial establishment of the project, leading to a wide range of problems for both the organization and those involved in it.
1. Do your research
2. Develop a business plan
3. Make sure your organization will actually qualify as a non-profit
4. Be sure to take care of all the legal requirements
5. Develop a fundraising plan.
6. Build an effective board

Question 36

What core events resulted in the creation of the nonprofit sector and the establishment of the Tax Reform Act of 1969 that established an IRS exemption for charitable organizations having 501c3 status?

Answer 36

in 1969, the Tax Reform Act established legal code for the IRS known as Section 501(c)3. There were many that were making lots of money but paying little to no taxes. Creating reform laws were necessary.

Question 37

What revenue sources are common to a diversified funding stream?

Answer 37

grants, individual donations, corporations, fundraising

Question 38

What is socialism?

Answer 38

a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.

Question 39

What is capitalism?

Answer 39

an economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit.

Question 40

What are liberals?

Answer 40

a supporter of policies that are socially progressive and promote social welfare.

Question 41

Describe conservatives.

Answer 41

Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy and ideology, which seeks to promote and preserve traditional institutions, customs, and values.

Question 42

What is the order of assistance in church welfare:

Answer 42

1. Their extended family. 2. Government and community financial resources. 3. Church assistance through fast offering.

Question 43

What are block grants?

Answer 43

Funding is given to states or local municipalities to administer programs. Meant to improve social welfare programs. Most block grants support public housing, health, or other social services.

Question 44

What are family preservation support services:?

Answer 44

Build on family strengthens, focus on families, respond flexibly to the needs of the family, reach out to families, treat families as partners in setting goals, services are offered in home or homelike settings, and respond quickly to the needs of the family.

Question 45

What are Traditional family support services:

Answer 45

Emphasize family deficits, focus on individuals, program and funding source dictates services, they have strict eligibility requirements, the workers set goals and establish solutions, services are office-based, and they often have wait lists.

Question 46

What is the difference between prevention vs. intervention vs. rehabilitation:

Answer 46

Prevention services occur before a crisis. include parks, recreation, and education. Intervention services include: counseling, economic assistance, resource referrals, health and welfare, crisis intervention, foster care/ adoption, and child care. Rehabilitation services include: Prisons and correction, mental health, special needs and addiction recovers and rehabilitation centers.

Question 47

What is the New Deal?

Answer 47

Franklin D. Roosevelt started the the modern welfare system with the passage of the Social Security Act of 1935. It is a series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms, and regulations that were enacted by Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Question 48

What is Insurance vs. means-tested:

Answer 48

Insurance is to protect from destitution, or poverty. This might include seeking unemployment assistance. mean tested is based on income. This provides for people who don’t make enough money is based on certain numbers.

Question 49

What is the Other American?

Answer 49

Book written by Michael Harrington. Popularized the idea that while our country prospered as a whole- poverty was a real problem and many families needed additional help.

Question 50

What is a War on Poverty:

Answer 50

The unofficial name for legislation that was introduced by President Lyndon B. Johnson.

Question 51

What is Living on the dole:

Answer 51

: receiving money that a government (especially the British government) gives to people who do not have jobs or who are very poor. They’ve been on the dole for a year.

Question 52

Explain what a welfare queen is:

Answer 52

Carter and NIxon, a derogatory term used in the U.S. to refer to women who allegedly Misuse or collect excessive welfare payments through fraud, Child endangerment or manipulation.

Question 53

What is TANF?

Answer 53

Was originally called the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) was was changed to Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF).

Question 54

Describe the Executive departments vs. independent agencies:

Answer 54

executive departments have one head or director that makes all decisions. independent Agencies usually answer to a board.

Question 55

Describe the U.S. Department of Human Services:

Answer 55

Started in 1935. enhance the health and well-being of all Americans, by providing for effective health and human services and by fostering sound, sustained advances in the sciences underlying medicine, public health, and social services.

Question 56

What are the six major welfare programs:

Answer 56

1. Earned Income Tax Credit
2. Supplemental Security Income
3. Subsidized Housing
4. Medicaid
5. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Programs
6. Non-cash aid such as food stamps and public housing.

Question 57

What is the Cooperative Extension Service?

Answer 57

. The Cooperative Extension System (CES), in partnership with NIFA, is translating research into action: bringing cutting-edge discoveries from research laboratories to those who can put knowledge into practice.

Question 58

Explain what a Land-grant university is:

Answer 58

A land-grant college or university is an institution that has been designated by its state legislature or Congress to receive the benefits of the Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890, or the Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994.

Question 59

What are Morril Acts?

Answer 59

First proposed when Morrill was serving in the House of Representatives, the Morrill Land Grant College Act of 1862 set aside federal lands to create colleges to “benefit the agricultural and mechanical arts.”

Question 60

What is the Hatch Act?

Answer 60

​The Hatch Act restricts the political activity of individuals principally employed by state, District of Columbia, or local executive agencies and who work in connection with programs financed in whole or in part by federal loans or grants.

Question 61

What is the Smith-Leaver Act of 1914:

Answer 61

created a Cooperative Extension Service associated with each land-grant institution. Established a Federal-State Cooperative Extension program to provide education for the public in agriculture and natural resources.

Question 62

What is 4-H?

Answer 62

America’s largest youth development organization.

Question 63

How do liberals or conservatives view the social safety net programs, and public welfare differently?

Answer 63

Liberals want a plan in place and to run more social progarms and have assistance in place, especially for children. Conservatives want to encourage self reliance more and want others to figure it out on their own. They want less government control or programs.

Question 64

What is the church’s view on promoting self-reliance, providing welfare to those in need, and drawing upon government programs and resources for help?

Answer 64

Caring for those who have temporal needs is part of God’s work of salvation and exaltation

Question 65

What significant legislation has resulted in the modern government welfare system?

Answer 65

Social Security Act of 1935

Question 66

What historical events, books, or social sentiments have helped to shape the United States welfare system during the past century?

Answer 66

Began with the social security act of 1935. That started the welfare and social programs. Pres. Roosevelt created the new deal which started social security unemployment insurance. Pres. Johnson was known for his “war on poverty” where he created and expanded the welfare system. “The other American” changed their perspective on helping others and that made a big change with social programs. Instead of handing out charity, “hand up”. help you up as equals.

Question 67

How are government agencies and programs that support the welfare of children and families organized?

Answer 67

Theyfocus on the well being o f the child overall. focusing on overall health and success Head Start (Johnson) and Welfare Queen (Reagan) Aid to Dependent Children (Roosevelt), TANF (Clinton), Fail work-based welfare program (Clinton)

Question 68

How are government programs that support children and families funded? Is it mostly at the local, state, or federal level?

Answer 68

A lot of it is state funded.

Question 69

What are the differences between “entitlement programs,” “insurance programs,” and “welfare” programs?

Answer 69

Unlike welfare, entitlements do not typically have certain criteria or qualifications attached to them. For instance, Social Security income and Medicare are federal entitlement programs offered to older Americans regardless of income or wealth (although the amounts of the entitlement may be affected by these). Health programs are among the largest of the social insurance programs. Welfare programs are based on qualifiers and require no investment. Insurance programs you must be invested into.

Question 70

How is an insurance system different from a means-tested program? Give an example of each.

Answer 70

One you pay into and get a reward later. Means tested that does not require any past contributions but you have to meet the income test. Insurance is to protect from destitution, or poverty and that includes public education, medicare, SSRI, or unemployment.
Mean-tested is based on income and you measure it against the federal poverty line. An example is food stamps (nutritional assistance) and SSI (supplemental security income)

Question 71

There is widespread disagreement over how much the government should be involved in various social programs. Sweden has very comprehensive family programs that are sponsored by the government. The USA has few programs. List one argument for more government involvement in family programs and one argument against government involvement.

Answer 71

More government assistance could realy help children and children are the future. It could be more consistent and so children don’t fall through the cracks. I think there is always a fine line with creating self-reliance rather than dependence but children need a proper education, and the ability to thrive from day one. Having these increased public programs could help reduce hunger for families and provide better childcare for children and households that need two-parent incomes and those children could then lift the economy as they grow up.

Question 72

What was the 2008 farm bill?

Answer 72

The National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) provides leadership and funding for programs that advance agriculture-related sciences. We invest in and support initiatives that ensure the long-term viability of agriculture. NIFA applies an integrated approach to ensure that groundbreaking discoveries in agriculture-related sciences and technologies reach the people who can put them into practice.

Question 73

The health act of 1881

Answer 73

extended the Morrill Act and provided federal funds for the establishment of agricultural experiment stations in connection with the land-grant colleges.

Question 74

Examining social welfare spending and poverty in rich nations. Defining social welfare with five components:”Poverty and the Social Welfare State in the US and Other Nations.”

Answer 74

1. Health care spending
2. Education spending
3. Cash retirements benefits
4. Other government cash transfers such as unemployment insurance and the earned income tax credit (EITC)
5. Non-cash aid such as food stamps and public housing

Question 75

Poverty and Social Welfare State in the United States and other nations - Why does Rector feel that the USA exceeds other countries when it comes to our welfare and social programs? YOU NEED TO GIVE SOME ARGUMENT ON THIS INFORMATION

Answer 75

1. In the U.S. social welfare spending draws on both public and private resources whereas in Europe, the government mainly controls the resources and benefits.
2. Elderly middle-class Americans are more likely to have private pensions than are Europeans
3. Middle-class parents in the U.S. pay for much of the cost of their children’s post-secondary education. In Europe, the government pays.
4. Overall, in Europe, the upper middle class is heavily dependent on government benefits. In the U.S., it relies much more on its own resources.
5. The U.S. social welfare system differs from systems in other advanced nations because it contains a larger private-sector/non-governmental component.
6. Because the U.S. is wealthier than most other advanced nations, real per capita social welfare spending is significantly higher in the U.S. than elsewhere.
7. The key to improving self-sufficiency is to increase work and healthy marriage. Increased self-reliance will lead to an enhanced sense of self-achievement, a principal component of human well-being. Restoring healthy marriage will sharply reduce poverty, improve child outcomes and increase adult happiness.

Question 76

You are a finalist for the position of CEO of a small nonprofit serving children, who are victims of abuse. The board of directors has asked you to share five important “best practices” that you feel are important to the sustainability and effectiveness of the nonprofit. What five things will you share?

Answer 76

The process of analyzing current revenue and generating more revenue should involve organizational stakeholders, including your board and staff/leadership as each step of the process may require supporting work products and processes. Five important practices would include:
1. Assess goals for the future and current resource capacity
2. Identify your income strategy.
3. Select an appropriate revenue source
4. Develop and execute a revenue resource plan.
5. Evaluate results and strive for improvement.

Question 77

What are tips for success and common mistakes of proposals that fail?

Answer 77

1. Don’t take on a project that makes promises that you can’t deliver on.
2. A funded project with a failed implementation will damage the integrity of your organization and impact future funding opportunities.
3. Whether you accept or decline share your gratitude to the funder for their support of your project.

Lack of Understanding of the Client’s Needs. …
Overly Complex or Technical Language. …
Lack of Clear Objectives and Outcomes. …
Ignoring the Competition. …
Inadequate Detail on Processes and Timelines. …
Poorly Structured and Organized Proposal.

Question 78

Where would you look to find grant opportunities for funding a nonprofit’s programs?

Answer 78

Government grants are typically requested using the Request for Proposals (RFP) process at key government websites. 2. Foundation grants are more often obtained by studying the · funding goals of the Foundation and submitting a letter of inquiry to see if they are interested in your type of project.3. There are also paid subscriptions to businesses such as “GrantwatchLinks to an external site.” or “Foundation Directory OnlineLinks to an external site.” that track grant opportunities and have searchable databases and report emerging opportunities to members using keywords or grand categories identified in their profiles.

Question 79

What are the best practices that help ensure sustainability and success among nonprofits?

Answer 79

1. Be mission-driven and appropriately focused on programs and services.
2. Use data to inform plans, make decisions, demonstrate accountability, and report on progress and effectiveness.
3. Diversify funding while also maximizing individual donor giving through “mission-driven” efforts.
4. Clarify the responsibilities and limits of the Board and the CEO.
5. Develop a strong and trained volunteer base.
6. Respond to social changes, technological advances, and changing needs of clients while also staying focused and true to the mission. Occasionally services may need to be recast.