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n3 gero > lect 2 > Flashcards

lect 2 Flashcards

1
Q

why is there increased heart weight in older patients?

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and valvular sclerosis

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2
Q

what is the normal heart rate for older patients?

A

40 -100 bpm

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3
Q

what causes a decrease in baroreceptor sensitivity?

A

decreased pacemaker cells

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4
Q

what does it mean when the elderly’s systolic BP decreases by 20 from lying to sitting?

A

orthostatic hypotension

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5
Q

what does it mean they cough and there is a “pop”?

A

indication of alveoli bursting

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6
Q

where is lobar pneumonia most heard?

A

left lateral lobes

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7
Q

which abnormal heart sound is actually normal in older adults?

A

mild systolic murmur (S4)

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8
Q

what causes mild systolic murmur?

A

weakened cardiac valves that cause a backflow of blood

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9
Q

why do valves become weak and stiff?

A

accumulation of lipids and collagen cross-linking

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10
Q

what are diastolic murmurs?

A

heard between S2 and S1 (S3)

indicative of serious cardiac problems

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11
Q

what causes cardiac hypertrophy?

A

chronic HTN that makes the heart muscles work harder

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12
Q

elders have unchanged lung capacity but they have decreased excursion and expansion

A

true

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13
Q

what is the posture common among older adults?

A

kyphotic

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14
Q

what are important respiratory primary preventions?

A

having flu and pneumonia vaccines

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15
Q

presbyphonia definition

A

breathy voice due to larynx stiffening

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16
Q

what is the most common cause of type 2 diabetes in older adults?

A

decreased pancreatic reserve

insulin

17
Q

what causes GI inflammation?

A

decreased motility

18
Q

patient education on increasing bowel movements

A

adequate food intake and increased hydration

19
Q

detrimental weight loss

A

10%

20
Q

vaginal pH of postmenopausal women

A

alkaline

21
Q

patients are most at risk for nephrotoxic injury with which medications?

A

NSAIDs and vancomycin

22
Q

what does urine dribbling indicate?

A

post-op from BPH

infection (UTI)

23
Q

why do men start losing their hair?

A

decreasing levels of testosterone

24
Q

manifestation of elevated cholesterol on the eyes

A

yellow ring around the cornea of the eyes

25
Q

what is the nursing intervention to prevent hearing loss?

A

educate to not use q-tips for cleaning ears

26
Q

what qualifies a patient to have orthostatic hypertension?

A

decrease in 20 points systolic (lying to sitting)

27
Q

what does dry mucus cough indictate?

A

dehydration
decreased lung expansion
infection

28
Q

nursing interventions in maintaining patent airway

A
  • repositioning
  • suctioning
  • incentive spirometry
  • pursed-lip breathing
29
Q

GI complications common in older adults

A
  • gingivitis
  • cholecystolithiasis
  • GERD
30
Q

older adults have increased nocturnal urine production

A

true

31
Q

decreased accommodation & near vision

A

presbyopia

32
Q

outward turning of eyelid

A

ectropion

33
Q

inward turning of eyelid

A

entropion

34
Q

what kind of age-related change can be found in the outer ear?

A

decreased ceruminal glands

35
Q

these age-related changes–ossicle joint degenration, tympanic membrane thinning, & loss of resiliency–are found in what part of the ear?

A

middle ear

36
Q

what types of age-related changes can be found in the inner ear?

A
  • vestibular structures atrophy (cochlea & organ of Corti)
  • loss of hair cells
37
Q

define hyposomia

A

decrease in smell acuity

38
Q

what age-related changes can you expect with smell and taste?

A
  • decreased neurons that send signals to the brain
  • difficulty distinguishing smells
  • decreased taste r/t decreased smell
39
Q

age-related changes in the immune system

A

everything shrinks & decreases

however
T-cell numbers are unchanged though less mature

n3 gero (19 decks)

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