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N3 GERO > Exam 2 - chronic illness part 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 - chronic illness part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most serious complication of GERD?

A

aspiration pneumonia

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2
Q

what are modifiable risk factors of osteoporosis?

A
  • underweight
  • low calcium intake
  • low estrogen
  • low testosterone
  • inadequate exercise
  • steroids & anticonvulsants
  • excess coffee & EtOH
  • smoking
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3
Q

why does menopause accelerate osteoporosis in women?

A

estrogen deficiency

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4
Q

at what age do women need to be screened for osteoporosis?

A

≥ 65

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5
Q

what are the diagnostic tests for osteoporosis?

A
  • DEXA scan
  • T-score
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6
Q

T-score parameters for osteopenia

A

-1 to -2.5

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7
Q

T-score parameters for osteoporosis

A

> -2.5

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8
Q

what are the nursing interventions for osteoporosis?

A
  • weight training
  • adequate Calcium & Vitamin D
  • fall preventions
  • administering Bisphosphonates (Fosamax)
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9
Q

what is the teaching for Bisphosphonate medications?

A
  • take in the AM
  • 30 minutes before breakfast
  • take with full glass of water
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10
Q

what are some side effects of Bisphosphonates?

A
  • hypokalemia
  • abdominal pain
  • musculoskeletal pain
  • NV
  • gas
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11
Q

what is a common symptom of osteoarthritis?

A

pain with activity, relief with rest

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12
Q

what are the deformities associated with osteoarthiritis?

A
  • Heberden’s node
  • Bouchard’s node
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13
Q

in which conditions is Bouchard’s node present?

A
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis
  • Osteoarthritis
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14
Q

what are the interventions for osteoarthiritis?

A
  • weight loss
  • enhance strength & flexibility
  • hot / cold therapy
  • adaptive devices
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15
Q

what are examples of adaptive devices for OA?

A
  • cane
  • shoe lift
  • knee brace
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16
Q

what are the medications for OA?

A
  • acetaminophen
  • NSAID
  • steroids (reduce inflammation)
  • hyaluronic acid (joint lubrication)
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17
Q

what are the interventions for RA?

A
  • pain management
  • administer Methotrexate (DMARD)
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18
Q

RA does not have Heberden’s nodes

A

true

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19
Q

what are the surgical interventions for OA?

A
  • arthroscopy
  • total joint replacement
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20
Q

what are the benefits of surgical interventions for OA?

A

reduces intractable pain & restores all or some joint function

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21
Q

what are the causes of hyperthyroidism?

A
  • toxic goiter
  • Grave’s disease
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22
Q

which gender is most likely to develop hyperthyroidism?

A

female

23
Q

which tests assess thyroid function?

A
  • thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test
  • thyroid scan
  • radioactive iodine uptake
24
Q

what substances should be avoided before testing thyroid function?

A
  • hormones
  • steroids
  • foods with iodine
25
Q

how does hyperthyroidism present in older adults?

A
  • tachycardia
  • tremors
  • weight loss
26
Q

what are the types of medications for hyperthyroidism?

A
  • anti-thyroid agents
  • iodides
  • beta blockers
  • radioactive iodine
27
Q

what is the MOA of anti-thyroid agents?

A

blocks thyroid hormone production

28
Q

examples of anti-thyroid agents

A
  • Methimazole
  • Propylthiouracil
29
Q

what is the MOA of iodides?

A

inhibits thyroid hormone secretion

30
Q

which iodide is indicated for a thyroid storm?

A

Saturated Solution of Potassium Iodide (SSKI)

31
Q

what is the MOA of radioactive iodine?

A

shinks & destroys thyroid gland

32
Q

what are the interventions for thyrotoxicosis?

A
  • regulate temperature with ice
  • lower the levels of TH
  • replace fluid & electrolytes
  • stabilize cardiac function
33
Q

which medication is contraindicated with thyroid storm?

A

aspirin

34
Q

how does hypothyroidism manifest in older adults?

A
  • slowed mentation
  • gait disturbances
  • fatigue
  • weakness
  • cold intolerance
35
Q

nursing care for patients with hypothyroidism

A
  • prevent chilling, constipation, skin breakdown, infection
  • assess for edema & tachycardia
  • lifelong treatment of levothyroxine
36
Q

what is the major complication of hypothyroidism?

A

myxedema coma

37
Q

levothyroxine can cause digoxin toxicity

A

true

38
Q

what are the manifestations of myxedema coma?

A
  • hypothermia
  • depression / unconsciousness
  • hypoventilation
  • hypotension
  • bradycardia

low temp, mood, RR, BP, HR

39
Q

how can the nurse treat myxedema coma?

A
  • stabilize vitals
  • slow thyroid hormone replacement
40
Q

how is prostate cancer detected?

A

screening

41
Q

what is the most common cancer in men (not related to skin)?

A

prostate cancer

42
Q

how does PC manifest?

A
  • urinary retention
  • hematuria
  • back pain
  • cachexia
  • bone tenderness
  • lower lymphedema
  • adenopathy
43
Q

what are the screening methods for PC?

A
  • digital rectal exam
  • prostate-specific antigen
  • biopsy
44
Q

at what age is PC screening recommended?

A

55 - 69 years old

45
Q

which group of men has the highest likelihood of developing PC?

A

African-Americans

46
Q

the risk for PC increases as PSA results increase

A

true

47
Q

there is a 50% chance of developing PC with which level of PSA?

A

10ng/mL

48
Q

what are the nursing considerations for anti-thyroid agents?

A
  • report any swelling in lymph nodes
  • assess thyroid function tests
  • give at same time each day
  • give with food
  • monitor INR
49
Q

why are fall preventions in place for older adults with osteoporosis?

A

prevent hip fractures

50
Q

what is cogwheel rigidity?

A
  • small jerking movements
  • muscle rigidity
51
Q

this is a movement disorder that involves being frozen

A

akinesia

52
Q

what are the manifestations of bradykinesia & dyskinesia?

A
  • difficulty starting, continuing, or coordinating movements
  • shuffling
  • akinesia
53
Q

what are resting or non-intention tremors?

A
  • purposeless tremors that disappear with sleep
  • pill-rolling
  • small handwriting
  • monotone voice

N3 GERO (19 decks)

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