lect 2: ch. 8 (lab values) Flashcards
which conditions affect results of blood tests in older adults?
dehydration
malnutrition
infection
inflammation
which levels of Hgb are considered critical?
<5mg
>20mg
what does the ESR value indicate?
how fast a blood coagulates
what may cause increased ESR in older adults?
chronic disease
consequential inflammation
what causes acute increase of ESR?
recent heart failure
what causes hypoglycemia?
lack of insulin and malnutrition
hypoglycemia is more dangerous than hyperglycemia
true
how can you counteract decreased levels of Calcium?
administer vitamin D
what causes hyponatremia?
low salt intake
altered ADH
increased water intake
what causes hypokalemia?
potassium-wasting medications
excess renal or GI tract loss
manifestations of hypokalemia
muscle weakness
polyuria
ECG changes
chronic hypokalemia indicates
renal tubular dysfunction
manifestations of hyperkalemia
diarrhea
ECG abnormalities
paresthesia
irritability
confusion
muscle weakness
manifestations of hyponatremia
hypotension
tachycardia
increased thirst
HA
seizure
elevated BUN and Hct
manifestations of hypernatremia
oliguria
dry mucus membranes
lethargy
elevated creatinine
