Lecture 2 Study Guide

Question 1

The 6 lines of evidence for evolution

Answer 1

Biodiversity, biogeography, fossil record, embryology, comparative anatomy, and molecular evidence

Question 2

Biogeography

Answer 2

the study of geographic distributions of organisms

Question 3

Continental Drift

Answer 3

The movement of continental plates through the actions of currents generated deep within the molten rock mantle

Question 4

Vicariance

Answer 4

The evolutionary separation of species by barriers such as those formed by continental drift

Question 5

Completeness of the fossil record

Answer 5

Far less than 1% of species that ever existed become fossilized

Question 6

Why do so few become fossils

Answer 6

They lack hard parts, decompose rapidly, sediments only form under certain conditions, fossils must solidify into rocks and persist over time, fossils must be available for discovery

Question 7

Theory of Recapitulation

Answer 7

A largely discredited biological hypothesis that he development of the embryo of the animal from fertilization to gestation/hatching goes through states resembling or representing successive stages in the evolution of the animals remote ancestorys

Question 8

Theory of recapitulation phrase

Answer 8

ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny

Question 9

Von Baers Law

Answer 9

Features common to a more inclusive taxon often appear on development before the specific characters of lower level taxa consistent with modern evolutionary thinking because it states that one or a few simple embryo morphologies can diversify into branching patterns of increasing diversity

Question 10

Homologous structures

Answer 10

structures with different appearances and functions that all derived from the same body part in common ancestors

Question 11

Divergent Evolution

Answer 11

The process by which a single species or lineage diverged into two or more evolutionary groups with different characteristics

Question 12

Analogous structures

Answer 12

superficially similar structures that were independently derived

Question 13

Convergent evolution

Answer 13

when two species with different ancestral origins develop similar characteristics

Question 14

Vestigial Structures

Answer 14

Structures in a body that no longer serve a function

Question 15

Central dogma of molecular biology

Answer 15

The process of how DNA instructions are converted into function produce which is consistent with a single origin of life (DNA-RNA-Protine)