Lecture 1

Question 1

evolution means

Answer 1

change

Question 2

Biological evolution

Answer 2

genetic change underlying the properties of groups of organisms over generations

Question 3

biological evolution key points

Answer 3

genetic inheritable change, need generations/time, need a group of organisms

Question 4

Essentialism

Answer 4

every species has an essence of which each individual is an imperfect form

Question 5

Aristotle believed

Answer 5

species were fixed but we could arrange them hierarchically

Question 6

The great chain of being is

Answer 6

minerals, plants, animals, humans, demons, angles, god

Question 7

teleological

Answer 7

organisms are designed and have purpose

Question 8

Special creations

Answer 8

god created each species in the form it has today, gods creations are permanent and unchanging

Question 9

Carolus Linnaeus

Answer 9

The father of modern taxonomy created binomial nomenclature in his book systems nature, believed that the purpose of natural science was to catalog gods creations

Question 10

Georges Buffon

Answer 10

Said each species had an unchanging internal mold, proposed that closely related species may have arisen from a common ancestor, and species within a genus had been modified differently by climate conditions

Question 11

James hutton

Answer 11

Called the father of geology, discovered geological time was longer than previously thought through patterns of deposition and erosion, looked at earths layers and said earth is very old

Question 12

Georges Cuvier

Answer 12

Worlds expert on anatomy of animals, established extinction as a fact, advocated for catatrophism

Question 13

Catastrophism

Answer 13

the earth is shaped by biblical catastrophies

Question 14

Charles lyell

Answer 14

said earth is older but it happened slowly over time (contradicted catastrophism) and wrote the principles of geography, believed in uniformitarianism

Question 15

uniformitarianism

Answer 15

The earth is shaped by slow moving forces over a very long period of time

Question 16

Jean Monet

Answer 16

proposed how evolution could happen (was wrong) said change was through use and disuse and could happen over an individual’s lifetime. Example Giraffe necks

Question 17

Erasmus Darwin

Answer 17

Charles Dawins grandfather, doctor, inventor, supported Lamarck, evolutionary thinker

Question 18

Charles Darwin

Answer 18

Credited for discovering evolution but he really just discovered the mechanism behind it, natural selection

Question 19

Boat Darwin was on

Answer 19

Naturalist on the HMS Beagle

Question 20

Darwins mentor was

Answer 20

robert grant

Question 21

The Beagles Voyage

Answer 21

Lasted 5 years, noted geology, collected fossils and specimens

Question 22

Darwins return from the voyage he

Answer 22

spent the next 20 years working, trying to figure out evolution, collecting evidence, then he published his book Origin of Species

Question 23

Malthus

Answer 23

Said human population growth was greater then the food supply, this inspired darwins ideas of natural selection

Question 24

Alfred Wallace

Answer 24

While collecting specimens in Malay he wrote to darwin about his theory on natural selection, copublished the theory with darwin

Question 25

The origins of Species

Answer 25

darwin published in 1859, 20 years after the voyage

Question 26

2 major thesis of origin of speices

Answer 26

descent with modification and the theory of natural selection

Question 27

descent with modification is

Answer 27

all species decendend from one or a few common ancestors

Question 28

Natural selection is

Answer 28

variational theory, there is variation in a population. Changes in the proportions of individuals caused by there differences in there ability to survive and reporduce

Question 29

Darwin’s theory of evolution 5 points

Answer 29

1. Characteristics of lineages of organisms change over time (evolution happens)
2. Species diverge from a common ancestor
3. Changes occur gradually over long periods of time (gradualism)
4. Changes occur in the proportions of individuals within a population
5. Natural selection

Question 30

Evolution was accepted in

Answer 30

1870, natural selection was not

Question 31

Francis Galton

Answer 31

Applied Natural selection to human society,did not think the government should do this tho

Question 32

Francis Galton called his social philosophy

Answer 32

Eugenics

Question 33

Eugenics

Answer 33

Advocated for sterilization of certain people, justified laws banning interracial marriage, was the basis of the Natzis purifying race ideas

Question 34

Social Darwinism

Answer 34

Like eugenics, used to justify imperialism, colonialism, and racism. Darwin did not belive social policy should be governed by the idea of struggle in nature

Question 35

The Modern Synthesis

Answer 35

Bridged the gaps among different types of biologists

Question 36

The modern synthesis principles

Answer 36

Adaptive evolution is caused by natural selection acting on particulate genetic information nad microevolutionary processes give rise to macroevolutionary processes

Question 37

Some important people to the modern synthesis

Answer 37

Ronald Fisher, JBS Haldane, George Gaylord Simpson

Question 38

Microevolution

Answer 38

Evolutionary change. within a species or small group of organisms especially over short periods of time (between one generation to the next)

Question 39

Microevolution example

Answer 39

Pesticide and antibiotic resistance

Question 40

Macroevolution

Answer 40

Refers to evolution above the species level, encompasses the broadest trneds in evolution like the origins of mammals

Question 41

Creatonalism

Answer 41

Opposes the teaching of evolution in public schools, lead to intelligent design movement, same thing dif name

Question 42

Hypothesis

Answer 42

Informed conjuncture or statement of what might be true

Question 43

Scientific Theory

Answer 43

Mature coherent body of interconnected statements based on reasoning and evidence that explains something in nature