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ALU 301 > Lymphomas And leukemia > Flashcards

Lymphomas And leukemia Flashcards

1
Q

Four major groups of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?

A

Lymphocyte predominant
Nodular Sclerosis
Mixed Cellularity
Lymphocyte depleted

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2
Q

Most popular Hodgkin’s ?

A

Nodular Sclerosis: 60-80% of cases

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3
Q

All hodgkin’s need the presence of which cell?

A

Reed-Sternberg cells

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4
Q

Staging in Lymphoma’s?

A

Ann Harbour System

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5
Q

Working Formulation System, was is low grade?

A

small lymphocytic
Follicular small cleaved Lymphocytic
Mixed follicular small cleaved cell and large cell

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6
Q

Working Formulation System, what is intermediate grade?

A

Follicular predominantly large cell
diffuse small cleaved cell
diffuse large cell

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7
Q

Working Formulation System, what is high grade?

A

Diffuse large cell immunoblast
Lymphoblastic
Small non cleaved

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8
Q

Unlike Hodgkin’s, what type of treatment do we use on NHL?

A

Chemotherapy

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9
Q

What two main groups are leukaemia divided?

A

Myeloid and Lymphocytic

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10
Q

What results AML and ALL?

A

Block in the cell differentiation process and are characterized by proliferation of blasts, which are immature, undifferentiated cells.

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11
Q

What are results in chronic leukemias?

A

Uncontrolled growth of more mature but usually immunoincompetent cells.

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12
Q

Signs and symptoms of all leukemias?

A

Fatigue and SOB from anemia
Bruising and bleeding from thrombocytopenia
Fever and infection due to low WBC

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13
Q

Causes of Acute Myelogenous Leukemias/AML?

A

Radiation exposure
Benzene exposure
Prior chemotherapy, especially alkylating agents
Certain congenital disease

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14
Q

FAB classification divides AML in 7/8 classes; what are they?

A

Morphologic: size/shape of cells
Histologic Characteristic : anatomy of cells
Immunologic: antigen/antibody of receptors and markers of other cell surface

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15
Q

What differentiates Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia/CML?

A

Philadelphia Chromosome, which is abnormally shortened chromosone #22 due to translocation with chromosome #9.

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16
Q

Normal course of CML?

A

Stable/chronic phase
Accelerated phase, WBC fluctuate and show more immature forms
Blast crisis phase

17
Q

Which leukemias accounts for 80% of childhood leukemias?

A

ALL/Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

18
Q

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemias is caused by?

A

Acquired mutation in the DNA of a lymphocyte, leading to the overproduction of immature lymphoblasts and the disruption of the normal production of blood cells.

19
Q

FAB classifies ALL in three subgroups L1-L3. What are the subclasses?

A
  1. Early pre-B cell
  2. pre-B cell
  3. transitional pre-B cell
  4. B-Cell
  5. T-cell
20
Q

What are the ALL poor prognosis factors?

A
  1. age less than 2 or greater than 9
  2. prolonged time to achieve remission (more than 2 yrs)
    3, high leukocyte counts at diagnosis
21
Q

What is the most common form of adult leukemia?

A

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

22
Q

What does CLL have that is unlike others?

A

No radiation association or toxin exposure.

23
Q

What’s the causation of CLL?

A

Damage of the DNA of a lymphocyte in the bone marrow, usually B-Lymphocyte.

24
Q

For CLL, a type of classification is Rai system. What are the five stages?

A
  1. stage 0 Lymphocytosis
  2. stage 1 Lymphocytosis and adenopathy
  3. stage2 lymphocytosis, and hepatomegaly or splenomegaly
  4. stage 3 lymphocytosis and anemia
  5. stage 4 lymphocytosis and thrombocytopenia
25
Q

For CLL, a type of classification is Binet, what are the three stages?

A
  1. Stage A - lymphocytosis with enlargement of 3 or less lymph node groups
  2. Stage B - lymphocytosis with enlargement of more than three lymph node groups
  3. Stage C lymphocytosis with anemia or thrombocytopenia
26
Q

For CLL, what are poorer prognosis?

A

Higher stage at diagnosis, higher leukocyte counts, and lymphocyte doubling time of less than one year.

27
Q

Hairy cell leukemias is a type of which leukemias?

A

CLL

ALU 301 (10 decks)

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