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ALU 301 > Neurological Disorders > Flashcards

Neurological Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Flaccid paralysis is often associated with?

A

Cranial or spinal nerve lesions and causes loss of muscle tone.

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2
Q

What are underwriting consideration for paralysis or neuropathies?

A
  1. age at onset
  2. underlying cause
  3. acute/chronic, remitting/recurring, stable or progressive
  4. impact on quality of life
  5. degree to which it affects physiologic functions
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3
Q

What is cerebral palsy?

A

Describes a group of disorders presenting either at birth or in early infancy.
Brain damage during gestation, at birth or shortly afterwards.

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4
Q

What are the three major subgroups of cerebral palsy?

A
  1. Dyskinesia syndrome
  2. Spastic
  3. Ataxic
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5
Q

Dyskinesia syndrome are involuntary movements creating abnormal posture/facial grimaces. What are the three types of movement?

A
  1. athetoid : slow smooth writhing of distal movement
  2. chorea : irregular, unpredictable contraction of muscle
  3. dystonia : repetitive, patterned
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6
Q

Underwriting consideration on cerebral palsy?

A
  1. extent and severity of DI
  2. degree of intellectual impairment
  3. seizures
  4. ability to live independently
  5. independent mobility or need for assistive device
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7
Q

Peripheral neuropathy is caused by what?

A

Damage to the peripheral nervous systems: communicating network between the central nervous system.

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8
Q

What are the signs of peripheral neuropathy?

A
  1. neuropathic symptoms
  2. muscle weakness
  3. organ or gland dysfunction
  4. changes on EMG
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9
Q

What are type of mononeurpathies?

A

Bell’s Palsy, Carpel Tunnel, thoracic outlet syndrome, mononeuritis multiplex.

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10
Q

Autonomic neuropathy is peripheral nerve dysfunction that affects nerves involved in regulating involuntary muscle in?

A
  1. maintaining heart rate
  2. BP
  3. gastric motility
  4. perspiration
  5. pupil dilation
  6. glandular function
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11
Q

Common disease-related causes of peripheral neuropathy are?

A
  1. metabolic disorder
  2. generalized vascular disease
  3. hereditary disease
  4. toxicity
  5. connective tissue and chronic inflammatory disorder
  6. Vitamin deficiency
  7. infection
  8. paraneoplastic syndromes
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12
Q

What is the most effective treatment for neuropathy?

A

Control of underlying disease, medication like gabapentin/lyrica.

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13
Q

Diabetic neuropathy is damage to sensory nerve fibers or autonomic nerves due to prolonged periods of hyperglycemia. Onset is gradual with damage resulting in?

A
  1. loss vibratory sensation and proprioception
  2. impaired sensation to pain and temperature
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14
Q

What is chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy?

A

Immune-mediated disorder, chronic counterpart of Guillain-Barré syndrome - also called relapsing polyneuropathy

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15
Q

Signs and symptoms of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy?

A
  1. symmetric, proximal and distal motor and/or sensory muscle dysfunction lasting for at least 8 weeks.
  2. diminshed tendon reflexes
  3. alterations in proprioception
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16
Q

What is multifocal motor neuropathy?

A

Immune-mediated, demyelinating neuropathy. Slowly progressive muscle weakness, fasciculation and cramping of muscles.

17
Q

What are the five groups of dementia?

A
  1. neurodegenerative dementia
  2. vascular disease
  3. encephalopathy
  4. non-metabolic disorder
  5. others like Huntington/alcohol abuse
18
Q

No specific test for diagnosis of early onset dementia, what are common investigation?

A
  1. physical and neurological examination
  2. cognitive testing
  3. MRI scanning
  4. Lab test
19
Q

What two medications can be used to alleviate symptoms?

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl D-Aspartate

20
Q

What are the four signs of developping Huntington disease?

A
  1. change in usual behavior
  2. unusual jerky/fidgety movement
  3. unsteadiness of the hands and feet
  4. increasing inability to sustain certain simple voluntary act
21
Q

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by which four symptoms?

A
  1. tremor at rest
  2. muscle stiffness
  3. bradykinesia
  4. postural instability
22
Q

What is the principal treatment for Parkinson’s disease?

A

Levodopa L-dopa

23
Q

What are the three surgical techniques for Parkinsons?

A

Lesining, deep brain stimulation and implation of fetal tissue.

ALU 301 (10 decks)

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