Advanced Cancer Underwriting

Question 1

What is germ-line mutations?

Answer 1

Hereditary cancer.

Question 2

What is somatic Mutation?

Answer 2

Environmental factord

Question 3

Which cancers are strongly associated with HIV?

Answer 3

Kaposi sarcoma and lymphoma.

Question 4

What is targeted therapy/chemotherapy?

Answer 4

Cytotoxic agents that targets specific proteins that are more abundant or active in cancer.

Question 5

What is the first and mort remarkable targeted therapy?

Answer 5

Rituximab

Question 6

What does rituximab do?

Answer 6

It binds to only CD20 and destroy the cells. It’s good for NHL and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. - B-cell disease.

Question 7

What is tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors?

Answer 7

A tyrosine kinase inhibitor is a pharmaceutical drug that inhibits tyrosine kinases. Tyrosine kinases are enzymes responsible for the activation of many proteins by signal transduction cascades. Good for CML

Question 8

What is anti-Angiogenesis Agent?

Answer 8

To stop blood vessels to feed the tumor, so it won’t grow.

Question 9

What is targeted Cell Therapies?

Answer 9

Combination of targeted chemotherapy, immunotherapy and genetic engineering.
Harvesting patient T cell genetically modify them, and put them back in patient.

Question 10

What is the leading cancer death?

Answer 10

Lung Cancer (most popular is breast, but not as deadly)

Question 11

Lung Adenocarcinoma arises from?

Answer 11

Cells which normally produce mucus - linked with non-smoker.

Question 12

Squamous cell or epidermoid cancer arises from?

Answer 12

cells lining the lung and is strongly connected with smoking.

Question 13

Large cell lung cancer is a ‘waste-basket term’, it refered to?

Answer 13

Cancers cells that are not clearly adenocarcinoma or epidermoid cancer cells.

Question 14

What are the treatment for lung cancer?

Answer 14

Surgery, chemotherapy and radiation.

Question 15

Which type of lung cancer has a dismal prognosis?

Answer 15

All small cell lung cancers.

Question 16

What kind of tumor are most pancreatic cancers?

Answer 16

Adenocarcinomas

Question 17

What are some test that chronic hep b people can do to check for liver cancer?

Answer 17

yearly ultrasound and blood test for AFP

Question 18

What are the treatment for gallbladder and bile duct cancer?

Answer 18

Only possible is surgical.

Question 19

What five forms does thyroid cancer comes in?

Answer 19

1. Papillary cancer - most common
2. Follicular thyroid
3. Medullary cancer, rare, mostly genetic
4. Anaplastic rarest, very few survivors
5. Mixed form of thyroid, combination

Question 20

What are tumor markers?

Answer 20

Substance that can indicate the presence, size or aggressiveness of a malignancy in the body.

Question 21

Which tumor marker is for pancreatic cancer?

Answer 21

CA 19-9

Question 22

Why are some reason for older people to die from the same cancer as younger ?

Answer 22

1. Normal increase in mortality associated with being older
2. cancer in question is deadlier in older people.
3. Observation is confounded by another factor.
4. Combination of these factors.