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nur 334: pharmacology > Exam 2 Review: Goldstein > Flashcards

Exam 2 Review: Goldstein Flashcards

1
Q

5 non-pharmocological interventions for insomnia

A
  • exercise
  • decrease noise
  • dim the lights
  • decrease temp
  • reduce screens
  • reduce stim
  • reduce caffeine
  • reduce alcohol
  • reduce nicotine
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2
Q

what are 2 drugs from 2 different classes, used for both depression and insomnia

A
  • doxepin
  • trazodone
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3
Q

2 drugs for insomnia and anxiety

A
  • lorazepam
  • hydroxyzine
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4
Q

2 OTC medications for insomnia

A
  • benadryl
  • melatonin
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5
Q

3 drugs from 3 different classes for insomnia that are controlled substances

A
  • zolpidem
  • suvorexant
  • lorazepam
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6
Q

what is rebound insomnia

A
  • abruptly stopping insomnia medication/discontinuation of benzodiazepines

s/s: sleeplessness, worsening anxiety

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7
Q

first line treatment for depression and anxiety

A

SSRI
(selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)

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8
Q

SSRI drugs

A
  • sertraline
  • fluoxetine
  • escitalopram
  • citalopram
  • paroxetine
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9
Q

name 3 PRN (as needed) drugs for anxiety

A
  • beta blockers
  • antihistamines
  • benzodiazepines
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10
Q

3 classes used for daily anxiety

A
  • SSRI
  • SNRI
  • TCA
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11
Q

name at least 3 different types of anxiety

A
  • generalized
  • social
  • OCD
  • PTSD
  • test anxiety
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12
Q

what is a drug class used for physical symptoms of anxiety

A

beta blockers

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13
Q

name at least 4 education points for a patient prescribed with SSRIs

A
  • do not stop Rx abruptly
  • you may experience weight gain
  • wait weeks for Rx benefits
  • may have increased appetite
  • women may experience sexual dysfunction
  • still need therapy when taking
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14
Q

SSRI help men with

A

premature ejaculation

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15
Q

some side effects of taking tricyclic antidepressants

A
  • ECG changes
  • CNS depression
  • orthostatic hypotension
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16
Q

what are some patient education points specific to phenelzine (hint: MAOI)

A

must be educated to avoid foods containing tyramine

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17
Q

what drug class inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine

A

MAOIs

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18
Q

2 primary neurotransmitters related to depression

A
  • serotonin
  • norepinephrine
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19
Q

2 screening tools for depression

A
  • PHQ2 (first step approach)
  • PHQ9 (further evaluation for PHQ2 positive results)
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20
Q

2 drug classes that do the same thing and works two different ways

A
  • SNRI
  • TCA
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21
Q

what 3 drugs can we use for the treatment of bipolar disorder

A
  • lithium
  • valproic acid
  • chlorpromazine
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22
Q

what lab values should we monitor for lithium?
what do we need to look out for?

A
  • lithium levels
  • thyroid
  • sodium level
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23
Q

name at least 4 second gen antipsychotics

A
  • aripiprazole
  • lurasidone
  • olanzapine
  • quetiapine
  • risperidone
  • ziprasidone
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24
Q

name 2 medications for antipsychosis first and second gen

A

1st gen: haloperidol
2nd gen: ziprasidone

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25
Q

compare first gen and second gen antipsychotics (second gen advantage)

A

second gen has less side effects such as EPS (extrapyramidal sxs) and NMS (neuroleptic malignant syndrome)

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26
Q

what drug do we use to treat EPS?

A

benzitropine

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27
Q

what drug do we use to treat NMS

A

dantrolene

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28
Q

what are extrapyramidal sxs (EPS)

A
  • dystonia
  • parkinsonism
  • akathisia
  • tardive dyskinesia
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29
Q

what are neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) symptoms

A
  • LIFE THREATENING
  • severe muscle rigidity
  • confusion
  • agitation
  • increased temperature, pulse and BP
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30
Q

what is the cause of serotonin syndrome

A

taking multiple serotonin medications
- too much serotonin in CNS

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31
Q

what are SNRIs used for in addition to mental health disorders

A
  • neuropathic pain
  • migraine prevention
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32
Q

what is the most common cause of schizophrenia medication to not work

A

medication compliance

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33
Q

how to help increase medication compliance

A

direct observation therapy (DOT)

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34
Q

what is the 1st line agent for ADHD

A
  • methylphenidate or
  • amphetamine
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35
Q

what is the treatment of narcolepsy

A

modafinil
(non-amphetamine stimulant)

36
Q

what is the best choice treatment for ADHD with history of drug abuse

A

atomoxetine

37
Q

effects of amphetamine and amoxitine

A
  • weight loss
  • staying awake
38
Q

BB warning for benzos

A
  • high risk abuse
  • dependence
39
Q

5 uses for benzodiazepines

A
  • muscle relax
  • sedation
  • seizure
  • anxiety
  • insomnia
40
Q

how long should pt expect to continue anti-depression medication

A

at least 6 months

41
Q

which insomnia medication is considered safe to take long term

A

remeltione

42
Q

what is the BB warning for olanzapine

A

not use for dementia related to psychosis

43
Q

what is the BB warning for duloxitine

A

risk for suicide

44
Q

name 2 drug classes that work by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis

A
  • penicillin
  • cephalosporin
45
Q

what is an important patient education point for rifampin

A

it may change bodily fluids orange or red

46
Q

name two cephalosporins

A
  • cefazolin
  • ceftriaxone
  • cefepime
47
Q

drug class antibiotics only used o resistant infection

A

oxazolidinones

48
Q

what is pyrethrin used for

A
  • scabies
  • lice
49
Q

what are some patient education points for pyrethrin

A

scabies:
- the entire body should be covered, excluding mucous membranes, and left covered for 8-4 hours

lice:
- wash hair, apply product and leave on for ten minutes, remove nits with nit comb

50
Q

what drug class is pyrethrin

A

pediculossides

51
Q

what are 2 drugs used for TB not not prophylactic

A
  • pyrazinamide
  • ethambutol
52
Q

how do vaccines work

A

dead pathogens or antigens are injected into the body
- they do not cause disease
- they do stimulate the production of memory cells
- do not make you sick

53
Q

name at least 5 diseases we have vaccinations against

A
  • varicella
  • hep B
  • flu
  • covid
  • TB
  • HPV
  • HAV
  • pneumonia
  • tetanus
  • measles
  • mumps
  • etc.
54
Q

common place for vaccine administration

A

IM
(intramuscular)

55
Q

what medication is used for severe fungal infection

A

amphotericin

56
Q

what is interferon used for

A

severe viral infection
(i.e. hep B virus, certain cancers)

57
Q

interferon adverse effects

A

flu like symptoms

58
Q

what is antibiotic resistance

A
  • the more the antibiotic is used, the less effective it becomes
  • antibiotics kill harmful illnesses causing bacteria to the body
  • with frequent exposure however, bacteria can build up resistance to antibiotics
  • pathogen mutates and becomes resistant
59
Q

what 2 pathogens are resistant to 2 specific antibiotics

A
  • enterococci: resistant to vancomycin
  • staphylococcus aureus: penicillin
60
Q

what principle combats antibacterial resistance?

what is the global approach to address antibiotic resistance?

A

antimicrobial stewardship

61
Q

what is antimicrobial stewardship

A
  • match the drug to the bug
  • use narrow spectrum ABX when possible
  • educate patient to finish Rx
  • advocate for pt
  • ask if they need work or school note to prevent infection
62
Q

name 5 pathogens

A
  • bacteria
  • viruses
  • fungi
  • protozoans
  • parasites
  • helmetics
63
Q

patient has mild allergic reaction to amoxicillin

can we prescribe ampicillin

A

No

64
Q

what pathogen would be killed off by re-administering tazobactam

A

none
- beta lactam inhibitor does not kill off pathogen, does not treat disease

65
Q

what would i be most concerned about with pt taking levofloxacin

A

tendinitis

66
Q

what are 2 drugs from two different classes that are teratogenic

A
  • aminoglycosides
  • vancomycin
67
Q

3 drugs from 3 different classes that end in -mycin

A
  • azithromycin
  • vancomycin
  • tobramycin
68
Q

common drug class used as alternative for those allergic to penicillin

A

macrolides

69
Q

what are 3 classes of antibiotics that are protein synthesis inhibitors

A
  • macrolides
  • oxazolidinones
  • aminoglycosides
70
Q

what is one patient education point for tetracyclines

A

take on empty stomach

71
Q

what drug should you take with food

A

penicillin

72
Q

2 drug classes (abx) that we learned, that are only IV

A
  • carbapenems
  • aminoglycosides
73
Q

3 drug classes that fall under antiretroviral pharmaceuticals

A
  • NRTI
  • NNRTI
  • protease inhibitors
74
Q

3 patient education points for someone undergoing antiretroviral therapy

A
  • dont miss dose
  • stay on it for the rest of your life
  • take as prescribed
  • miss 1-2 doses then you will become resistant
  • get frequent testing for HIV RN and CO4 count
75
Q

what 2 drugs are in augmentin

A
  • amoxicillin
  • clavulanate
76
Q

what 2 drugs are in descovy

A
  • emtricitabine
  • tenofovir
  • alafenamide
77
Q

what 2 drug classes are considered nephrotoxic

A
  • amphotericin
  • aminoglycosides
78
Q

what test would a provider most likely monitor with a patient taking isoniazid

A
  • CMP (ALT, AST)
  • culture and sensitivity
79
Q

most common concern with patient taking levofloxacin

A
  • tendonitis
  • tendon rupture
80
Q

common side effect with someone taking penicillin

A

upset stomach

81
Q

name 4 drug/classes that are used prophylactically

A
  • tenofovir
  • antimalarial
  • isoniazid
  • cipro
82
Q

first line agent for pt with lower UTI

A

nitrofurantoin

83
Q

what medication helps with the outbreak of shingles

A

acyclovir
- must be taken 72 hours

84
Q

what would you ask any patient prior to administration

A

do you have any allergies?

85
Q

what is “ripe”?

A

4 drug cocktail for TB
R: rifampin
I: isoniazid
P: pyrazinamide
E: ethambutol

nur 334: pharmacology (13 decks)

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