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NUR 334: Pharmacology > Exam 4 quizlet (bre) > Flashcards

Exam 4 quizlet (bre) Flashcards

1
Q

what is another role/use of ethinyl estradiol combination in addition to contraception?

A

acne

off label:
o dysmenorrhea
o menstrual suppression
o PCOS symptoms

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2
Q

what is something that you educate your patient on that estrogen progesterone is NOT going to help with

A

will not prevent/protect against STDs

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3
Q

what drug is used to help treat bleeding post partum?

A

oxytocin

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4
Q

what are two assessments we must do on any patient that is being treated with magnesium sulfate

A

o deep tendon reflexes
o respiratory depression

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5
Q

how would you assess for respiratory depression

A

o chest depth
o rise and fall
o respiratory rate

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6
Q

what drug may be given to males for infertility

A

hCG

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7
Q

name three drugs that are teratogenic that is used to induce abortion

A

o mifepristone
o methotrexate
o misoprostol

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8
Q

up to how long are the OTC emergency contraceptives effective

A

within 5 days

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9
Q

what subset of patients do we need to educate that emergency contraceptives are significantly less effective

A

patients who are obese

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10
Q

what is disadvantage of taking POP over OCP

A

less effective than OCP

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11
Q

what is an advantage of taking POP over OCP

A

o decreased risk of clots
o can be taken immediately after delivery

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12
Q

what would you suggest to a patient who missed one day of their estrogen progesterone contraceptive

A

take it as soon as you remember

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13
Q

what would you recommend to a patient who missed two days of their estrogen progesterone contraceptive

A

use an alternative method of contraceptive

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14
Q

what are the two ingredients in an estrogen progesterone OCP

A

o norethindrone
o ethinyl/estradiol

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15
Q

which option of oral contraceptive is more effective

A

combination
o estrogen/progesterone OCP

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16
Q

what does the body release in response to a low level of calcium in the body

A

parathyroid hormone

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17
Q

what does parthyroid hormone do to the calcium levels in the bone

A

decrease it

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18
Q

what might be recommended to a patient if they have hypocalcemia other than calcium

A

Vitamin D

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19
Q

what will calcitonin do to the serum calcium levels

A

decrease it

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20
Q

what drug is used for both ED and BPH

A

Tadalafil

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21
Q

name two drugs used for BPH and HTN

A

o Tamsulosin
o Doxazosin

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22
Q

what does BPH stand for

A

benign prostatic hypertrophy (hyperplasia)

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23
Q

what drug is used off label for premature ejaculation?

A

paroxetine (paxil)

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24
Q

what education would you give patients that newly prescribed sildenafil

A

do not combine with nitrates (nitroglycerin)

S/E:
o headaches
o hearing and vision issues
o hypotension
o priapism

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25
Q

what is priapism

A

erection lasting more than 4 hours

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26
Q

what drug has a MOA of stimulating follicular growth

A

clomiphene

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27
Q

what is a patient education on how to properly take clomiphene

A

o start taking on day 5 of cycle
o have intercourse at least every other day for 5-10 days after final dose

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28
Q

What is the black box warning for testosterone

A

can cause virilization (male characteristics) in women and children

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29
Q

in addition to oral contraceptives, what are two other significant factors of developing clots

A

o smoking
o immobility

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30
Q

what is the MOA of methotrexate

A

o blocks folic acid thereby inhibiting DNA synthesis

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31
Q

what is another name for folic acid

A

Vitamin B9

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32
Q

what is the onset of action of antacids

A

5 - 15 minutes

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33
Q

what drug works by coating the ulcer

A

sucralfate

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34
Q

what is the pathophysiology of GERD

A

lining of esophagus exposed to the acidity of stomach contents due to a weakening of the lower esophageal sphincter

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35
Q

how does PPI help a person with GERD or PUD

A

by inhibiting the enzyme that generates gastric acid thereby lowering the acidity of the stomach

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36
Q

what drug did we learn about in this module should not be taken with any other medication

A

antacids

o wait 1 hour before or after

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37
Q

what are three examples of antacids

A

o magnesium hydroxide
o aluminum hydroxide
o calcium carbonate (tums)
o sodium bicarbonate (alka-seltzer)

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38
Q

what are potential side effects from taking antacids

A

o diarrhea
o constipation

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39
Q

what is the most potent option to treat PUD

A

PPIs

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40
Q

Name two examples of PPIs

A

o pantoprazole (protonix)
o omeprazole (prilosec)

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41
Q

give 2 examples of histamine 1 receptor antagonist

A

o diphenhydramine
o doxylamine

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42
Q

give an example of histamine 2 receptor antagonist

A

o famotidine
o ranitidine

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43
Q

for up to how long should PPIs be taken

A

4 - 8 weeks

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44
Q

what happens if a patient is taking omeprazole for the last 6 years

A

o female post menopausal will need to take vitamin D and calcium supplements due to increased risk of fractures

o they may become too dependent/used to it that cessation can cause rebound issues

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45
Q

What two frequency options do we have for H2RAs

A

daily or PRN

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46
Q

what drug can be used for both treatment and prevention of gout

A

colchicine

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47
Q

what is a known adverse effect of using colchicine

A

hepatotoxicity

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48
Q

what are the 3 nonpharmacological treatments for constipation

A

o increase fiber
o increase fluids
o increase mobility/ambulation/exercise

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49
Q

what is the first line universal treatment for contstipation

A

bulk forming laxatives

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50
Q

give an example of bulk forming laxative

A

o psyllium (metamucil)
o methylcellulose (citrucel)

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51
Q

what is another name for pyridoxine

A

o Vitamin B6

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52
Q

what is a known indication for vitamin B6

A

nausea

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53
Q

what would i educate my patient to expect from taking a laxative

A

o diarrhea
o frequent bowel movements

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54
Q

name lipid soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E, K

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55
Q

name the water soluble vitamins

A

B, C

56
Q

what two vitamins are patients known to be deficient in if they suffer from AUD

A

B1, B6, B9

o thiamine
o pyridoxine
o folic acid

57
Q

what is the mechanism that moves contents though the GI system

A

peristalsis

58
Q

what is an OTC medication for the treatment of diarrhea

A

o loperamide (imodium)
o bismuth subsalicylate (pepto-bismo)

59
Q

what is the MOA of bismuth subsalicylate

A

o direct action against viral and bacterial GI pathogens

60
Q

which specific patients would I be especially concerned if they are having excessive vomiting or diarrhea

A

o elderly
o pediatric children
o pregnant women

61
Q

what are three treatment options for inflammatory bowel disease

A

5-Aminosalicylates

o steroids
o immunosuppressants
o monoclonal antibodies

62
Q

what are the major disadvantages of using monoclonal antibodies

A

o injection only
o extremely expensive
o takes several months for effects

63
Q

name an example of a monoclonal antibody

A

o etanercept
o adalimumab

64
Q

what are the 3 prescription treatment options for RA other than steroids

A

o methotrexate
o 5-Aminosalicylates
o hydroxychloroquine

65
Q

what is the first line agent for the treatment of nausea

A

ondanestron

66
Q

what is an adverse effect of taking promethazine (phenergan) or prochlorperazine (compazine) for nausea

A

EPS

67
Q

what is the treatment for EPS

A

o benedryl
o benztropine

68
Q

what drug class is benzotropine

A

anticholinergic

69
Q

how would you treat a patient for nausea that is chemotherapy related different from everyone else

A

give prior to treatment/premedicate

70
Q

what is the purpose of vitamin E

A

antioxidant

71
Q

what do we use vitamin K for

A

help clotting

72
Q

what is a drug in the class androgens

A

testosterone

73
Q

explain the different between vitamins that are lipid soluble vs water soluble

A

o lipid soluble - can be stored in the body

o water soluble - is excreted

74
Q

how would we treat the body with mild hypocalcemia

A

o calcium
o vitamin D if needed

75
Q

what happens from a deficiency in vitamin C

A

scurvy

76
Q

what happens from a deficiency in vitamin B3

A

pellagra

77
Q

what is a known adverse effect from long term PPI use

A

risk for fractures

78
Q

what is the drug name for Plan B

A

levonorgestrel

79
Q

what class of drugs are known to reduce the efficacy of OCP

A

antiseizure drugs (also teratogenic)

80
Q

what would be sources of dietary calcium

A

o fortified grains and juices
o dairy
o vitamin D

81
Q

what is hydroxychloroquine used for besides RA

A

malaria

82
Q

name another drug for malaria

A

chloroquine

83
Q

what does it mean when a drug is taken cyclically

A

o when you take it for a period of time
o come off it for a period of time
o go back on it for a period of time

in cycles: ex - OCP

84
Q

what would be a patient education point for alendronate

A

take with first meal of day with full glass of water and remain upright for 30 mins following administration

85
Q

what is the MOA of sulfasalazine

A

reduces inflammation

86
Q

what other drugs are anti-inflammatory

A

o NSAIDs
o Steroids

87
Q

what are the top 3 causes of PUD

A

o H. Pylori bacteria
o overuse of NSAIDs
o Stress

88
Q

what is used for acute treatment of gout

A

o colchicine
o steroids
o NSAIDs

89
Q

what is the MOA of NSAIDs

A

o COX I Inhibitor
o COX II Inhibitor

90
Q

what is the most common type of arthritis

A

osteoarthritis

91
Q

what NSAID do we NOT use for the treatment of RA

A

aspirin

92
Q

what is another drug class that aspirin fit into besides NSAIDs

A

salicylate

93
Q

what drug class is allopurinol

A

xanthine oxidase inhibitor

94
Q

what drug class is probenecid

A

uricosurics

95
Q

what is a patient teaching point for a patient prescribed allopurinol or probenecid

A

may exacerbate gout
initially peak effects can take 1-3 weeks

96
Q

what vitamin is teratogenic

A

vitamin A

97
Q

a deficiency in what vitamin causes rickets

A

vitamin D

98
Q

what is a deficiency in thiamine called

A

beriberi

99
Q

what is a deficiency in niacin called

A

pellagra

100
Q

what is the medication name for cyanocobalamin

A

vitamin B12

101
Q

what happens if I do not have enough folic acid

A

iron deficiency anemia

102
Q

what is a drug that reduces the absorption of fat

A

orlistat

103
Q

what drug is used for weight loss and DM

A

liraglutide

104
Q

what weight loss drug is a controlled substance

A

phentermine

105
Q

what route is the preferred route for TPN

A

central-line

106
Q

what is the drug class for ondanestron

A

serotonin receptor antagonist

107
Q

name an anticholinergic agent used for nausea

A

scopolamine

108
Q

what two OTC recommendations do we have for nausea and pregnancy

A

o pyridoxine (vitamin B6)
o doxylamine (unisom)

109
Q

what nausea medication must be tapered when stopped

A

dexamethosone

110
Q

what drug class is sulfasalazine

A

5-Aminosalicylates

111
Q

what are two indications for sulfasalazine

A

o ulcerative colitis
o RA

112
Q

what are two BBW for monoclonal antibodies

A

o malignancy
o increase chance of serious infections

113
Q

what is a DMARD

A

disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs

a group of medications commonly used in patients with RA

114
Q

what drug is used for the treatment of paget’s disease

A

zoledronate

115
Q

what must you assess prior to prescribing zoledronate

A

o pregnancy test
o contraceptive

116
Q

what is the drug class for raloxifene

A

selective estrogen receptor modulators

117
Q

what is the MOA of psyllium

A

action of fiber

fiber bulks up the stool to help it move along the GI tract

118
Q

what is docusate sodium used for

A

treatment and prevention of constipation

119
Q

what are 3 risk factors for developing constipation

A

o immobility
o lack of fiber
o dehydration
o opioid use

120
Q

what controlled substance do we have for the treatment of diarrhea

A

opioid - diphenoxylate

121
Q

explain the pathophysiology of what dicyclomine is used for IBS

A

o decrease activity of digestion in rest and digest (parasympathetic)

o an anticholinergic is an “anti-rest and digest”

122
Q

what IBS-D drug is specifically only for women

A

alosetron

123
Q

what is a controversial use for omeprazole

A

prevention of ulcers in hospitalized patients

124
Q

what drug learned in this module is taken 4 times a day

A

sucralfate

125
Q

what is the treatment for H. Pylori related PUD

A

antibiotics

126
Q

a patient is taking 6 different medication and has become pregnant.
she asks if she should stop taking her medications, what is your recommendation

A

talk to your doctor

127
Q

what is the BBW for pitocin (oxytocin)

A

not labeled for use in elective induction of labor

128
Q

what is the off label use for pitocin (oxytocin)

A

induction of labor

129
Q

what is the indication for conjugated estrogen

A

symptoms of moderate to severe menopause only

we DO NOT treat mild symptoms of menopause with estrogen

130
Q

what drug treats pulmonary artery HTN

A

phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor

o sildenafil
o tadalafil
o vardenafil

131
Q

what drug has a clinical trial for efficacy and treatment of FSAD - female version of ED

A

sildenafil

132
Q

Indications of anticholinergics

A

o motion sickness
o nausea

133
Q

Off label use for nausea in pregnancy

A

Doxylamine (unisom)

134
Q

Nausea relief for nausea in pregnancy

A

Pyridoxine B6

135
Q

Forms of vitamin D

A

o ergocalciferol
o cholecalciferol

136
Q

BBW vitamin K

A

DEATH

Parenteral administration can cause adverse reactions

NUR 334: Pharmacology (13 decks)

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