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NUR 334: Pharmacology > Exam 1 Study Guide (new) > Flashcards

Exam 1 Study Guide (new) Flashcards

1
Q

around the GI system

A

parenteral

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2
Q

through the GI system

A

enteral

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3
Q

parenteral routes

A

o intravenous (IV)
o subcutaneous (SC, SubQ)
o intramuscular (IM)
o intraosseous (IO) [administered injection entering a bone]
o buccal (cheek)
o sublingual (SL) [under tongue]
o rectal (PR)
o vaginal
o transdermal (TD)
o inhalation
o topical
o intranasal (IN)
o ophthalmic (eyes)
o otic (ears)
o intradermal (right under skin - i.e. TB)

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4
Q

fastest route in hospital setting

A

IV
(also PO)

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5
Q

fastest route

A

o PO (by mouth)

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6
Q

which route class has a quicker onset?
parenteral or enteral

A

parenteral will have a quicker onset versus enteral

o this is because parental meds does NOT have to go through the GI system

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7
Q

IV push vs. IV infusion

A

IV infusion is also known as IV drip
o administered slowly through IV pump or hanging

IV push
o meds directly pushed through an IV site (faster)

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8
Q

what are the only two interchangeable routes?

A

IO and IV

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9
Q

what are the local routes?

A

o topical
o otic (ears)
o ophthalmic (eyes)

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10
Q

where the IV contents are leaking and entering the local tissue

A

extravasation (infiltration)

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11
Q

refers to any provider order, not just medication

A

prescription

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12
Q

using medications for improving health

A

pharmacotherapeutics

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13
Q

how medications move through the body

A

pharmacokinetics

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14
Q

the way a drug affects changes in the body

A

pharmacodynamics

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15
Q

what a drug does that leads to the drugs desired effects

A

mechanism of action (MOA)

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16
Q

what the company markets the drug as

A

trade/brand name

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17
Q

a single pill or solution that contains multiple medications

A

combination drug

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18
Q

o most common classification of drugs
o have the same MOA as well as similar uses, side effects, and more

A

drug class

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19
Q

o FDA approved
o deemed safe for the public to regulate consumption

(cannot be given without a prescription in a hospital)

A

over the counter drugs (OTC)

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20
Q

how quickly the medication takes effect

A

onset

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21
Q

how long the medication lasts
(how long the effects last but meds could still stay in body longer)

A

duration

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22
Q

what the medication is used for

A

indications

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23
Q

a reduction in the medication by the liver for medications taken enterally
(only pertains to enteral meds)

A

first pass

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24
Q

protects the brain from potentially harmful entrants

A

blood-brain barrier

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25
Q

elimination from the body, primarily via the kidneys

A

excretion

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26
Q

what is the primary organ of elimination

A

kidney

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27
Q

metabolism or biosynthesis of a drug, primarily via the liver
(the way drugs are processed through the body)

A

metabolism

28
Q

how long until the medication level drops by half

A

half-life

29
Q

when a large dose is given to quickly bring the drug to therapeutic levels

A

loading dose

30
Q

when a dose is given to maintain the current levels

A

maintenance dose

31
Q

how strong a medication is

A

potency

32
Q

how effective a medication is

A

efficacy

33
Q

when a medication stimulates (promotes/activates) the effects of a receptor or substance

A

agonist

34
Q

when a medication inhibits (blocks) the effects of a receptor or substance)

A

antagonist

35
Q

when a medication is used for an effect other than what it is FDA approved for

A

off-label use

36
Q

slow decrease of medication dose

A

taper

37
Q

slow increase of a medication dose

A

titrate

38
Q

applies only to drugs

A

no known drug allergies (NKDA)

39
Q

applies to everything

A

no known allergies (NKA)

40
Q

when a patient does not respond to a medication or treatment

A

refractory

41
Q

an alert to not give the medication in the circumstance where it is unadvisable/cross-reactive

cannot be given if ….
do not give/proceed

A

contraindication

42
Q

an alert of potential risk with a medication (highest risk)

A

black box warning

43
Q

an alert to consider the risk versus benefit of a medication

A

consideration

44
Q

has more than one dose in it (i.e insulin)

A

multi-dose vial (MDV)

45
Q

the lowest concentration where the medication is effective (in bloodstream)

A

minimum effective concentration

46
Q

concentration where the medication is toxic

A

toxic concentration

47
Q

area between effective and toxic concentrations

A

therapeutic range

48
Q

an unintended reaction to a medication

could be good or bad

A

side effects

49
Q

an undesirable adverse reaction to a medication
(something you do not want)

A

adverse effect

50
Q

when a set dose has decreased efficacy due to previous exposures

A

tolerance

51
Q

substances that are taken for health that are not regulated by the FDA like medications are

A

complementary and alternative medications (CAM)

52
Q

CAM examples

A

o echinacea: for cold and flu
o chamomile: for anxiety, insomnia, and other uses
o ginkgo: used for many purposes, most notably memory
o St. John’s Wart: used for mental health such as depression
o ginger: used for nausea

53
Q

being considerate of costs in making medication decisions

  • example: tylenol vs. acetaminophen
    same drug but tylenol is 1/2 the price so be considerate and prescribe cheaper for clients
A

pharmacoeconomics

54
Q

medications that cannot be crushed?

A

o enteric coated medications
o sustained release
o extended release

55
Q

protects the stomach from the drug or the drug from the stomach

A

enteric coated

56
Q

guidelines that affect an order

examples:
o withhold for systolic less than 90
o administer for a fever greater than 38 degrees celsius

A

parameters

57
Q

valid medication order must include…?

A

o name
o dose
o route
o time (can be stat)

58
Q

high risk for abuse and dependency

o drugs can be controlled regardless of whether or not they are narcotics

A

controlled substance

59
Q

schedule I

o no federally approved medical use

A

o heroin
o marijuana
o LSD
o and more

60
Q

schedule II

o approved medical use and the highest level risk of abuse and dependency

A

o hydromorphone
o fentanyl
o morphine
o and more

61
Q

schedule III

o high risk for abuse and dependency but less than schedule I/II

A

o amphetamine
o pentobarbital
o and more

62
Q

schedule IV

o relatively low risk of dependency and abuse

A

o benzodiazepines
o and more

63
Q

schedule V

o lowest relative risk of abuse and dependency

A

o products containing small amounts of codeine

64
Q

o toxic for pregnant women
o toxic to fetus
o should not be given to women who are trying to conceive or are pregnant
o pregnancy test should be done before prescribing medication
o client should also be prescribed birth control

A

teratogenic drugs

65
Q

pain

A

analgesia

66
Q

fever

A

antipyretic

NUR 334: Pharmacology (13 decks)

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