Chapter 2 Flashcards
What kinds of institutions classify inmates into treatment programs to address their needs and deficiencies?
Correctional institutions, prisons
A criticism of prisons is that they serve as a social control mechanism.
True - Critics note that prisons serve as a social control mechanism to remove punishment from public view while making the state appear more just
Which church influenced Westernized corrections in the Middle Ages?
Catholic - This church emphasized silence, placing prisoners in small, austere rooms where their penitence might be reflected upon. The Catholic Church maintained not only its own forms of prisons and jails but also its own ecclesiastical courts.
Which sentence forced prisoners to work as rowers on ships?
Galley slavery - This was used as a sentence to remove people living in poverty from the streets. Galley “slaves” were required to row the boat until they collapsed from exhaustion, hunger, or disease.
Alexander Maconochie, a former naval captain and innovator in corrections, is known for ______.
transforming the brutal Norfolk island penal colonies into stable productive environment
How did John Howard influence early correctional reform?
Howard believed that the government had a responsibility to provide sanitary conditions and decent food and water for prisons.
Rotary jails were built around a hub so that correctional staff could view all inmates without being observed.
False - The design described was created by Jeremy Bentham. It was actually the panopticon design that was built around a hub so that correctional staff could view all inmates without being observed. This early architectural design influenced prison supervision.
_____ jails were secured to the floor and could be spun at will by the sheriff.
Rotary - Rotary jails were like human squirrel cages, which were secured to the floor and could be spun at will by the sheriff.
Where was the first jail in America built?
Jamestown, VA - Consider where the first colony in America was established. The first jail in America was built in Jamestown, Virginia, soon after the colony’s founding in 1606.
Which of the following was true of the original Walnut Street Jail?
It operated as a typical local jail at the time. The Walnut Street jail held pretrial detainees and minor offenders.
The Pennsylvania prison system emphasized silence and isolation.
True - The Pennsylvania system reinforced the need for penitence. The Pennsylvania system emphasized silence and isolated inmates in their cells, restricting their contact with others.
The New York prison system was preferable to the Pennsylvania system because inmates could ______.
Work during the day - The idea was that inmates would reflect upon what they had done during this time.
Where did Alexis de Tocqueville find that inmates were incarcerated with hogs?
New Orleans
In writing down her thoughts of early prisons, Dorothea Dix found ______.
Dix found the food to be adequate in most places.
What was the significance of the Elmira Reformatory?
Elmira focused on rehabilitation and a graduated reward system. Its significance was a result of the Declaration of
