Diagnostic Imaging: Gastro-intestinal Disease Flashcards
Where is the pancreas placed?
- Medial to duodenum
- Between gastric body and transverse colon
- Medial to spleen and cranial to left kidney
Not normally visible
What are the signs of pancreatic enlargment?
- Mass effect- caudal displacement of transverse colon
- Increated ST opacity in craniodorsal to mid abdomen
- Localised loss of serosal detail
What does the following radiograph show?
Megaoesophagus
* Segmental or general dilation
* Deviation of trachea
* Tracheo-oesophageal stripe sign
Aspiration pneumonia commonly secondary
- What does the following radiograph show?
- What are the predelection sites?
- What is contraindicated?
- Oesophagus foreign body
- Thoracic inlet, heart base, cranial to diaphragm
- Barium studies- perforation
Use endoscopy, non-ionic, iodine containing contrast
What do the following highlighted areas of the radiographs show?
Gas in the stomach- changes with recumbency
What are the 5 layers of the stomach on US outside to in?
- Serosa
- Muscularis
- Submucosa
- Mucosa
- Lumen
Muscularis and mucosa hypoechoic- darm
What is the difference between these two gastric dilations?
Left- aerophagia- gas opacity
Right- pyloric outflow obstruction- mostly soft tissue opacity
What is GDV?
Gastric dilation and displacement
Why can wall thickness of intestine not ba reliably assessed?
Wall is the summation of true wall and intestinal fluid- indistinguishable
What is the thickest layer of the SI on US?
- Mucosa is the thickest layer
- Duodenum thickest wall
- Submucosa thicker in ileum- flower like apprearance
What can cause small intestinal dilation?
Mechanical obstruction
* Foreign body
* Tumour
Functional ileus
* Severe inflammation
* Toxic
* Stress
What can cause small intestinal dilation?
Mechanical obstruction
* Foreign body
* Tumour
Functional ileus
* Severe inflammation
* Toxic
* Stress
How can small intestine lumen diameter be estimated?
DIlation with gas/fluid- obstruction
- No more then 1 loop more than 2x of another loop
- Dog- 2x width or rib
- Dog- height of L5 as narrow point
- Cat- 12mm or 2x mid L4
- Cat- < 2x height of endplate of L2
What is the intestinal obstructive pattern?
Fluid/gas proximal to the obstruction
* Two populations of intestine
* One abnormal proximal
* One normal distal
How can SI obstruction be identified on US?
Secondary changes depending on level of obstruction
* Fluid dilation proximal to FB
* Normal distal
FB
* Hyperechoic- irregular or artificially symetrical
* Distal shadowing
- Who is more commonly affected by intussuception?
- How does it appear radiographically?
- Young/old patients usually secondary to other pathology
- Ovoid/elongates ST mass, possibly crescent shaped gas opacity between sussceptions
No normal caecal gas
- Who is more commonly affected by intussuception?
- How does it appear radiographically?
- Young/old patients usually secondary to other pathology
- Ovoid/elongates ST mass, possibly crescent shaped gas opacity between sussceptions
No normal caecal gas
How is intussecption diagnosed on US?
Easy
* Onion ring
* Intestinal walls filled with intestinal lumen
