Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Peds/OB > Communication and Physical Assessment > Flashcards

Communication and Physical Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

head to toe diff

A

depends on child age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Encouraging the parents to talk - tell us what is going on; creating therapeutic environment and relationship; as older build with child; not build easily with toddler; child witnesses relationship
Directing the focus - parents love talk about kids; refocus on kid talking about
Listening and cultural awareness - IMP; care plans fams follow
Using silence - open ended questions imp
Being empathetic
Providing anticipatory guidance - teaching do
Avoiding blocks to communication - speaking a diff language and not get an interpreter, closed ended questions, socializing - not too much - changes relationship (peer than caregiver and not overdivulge) - hurts relationship, overloading parents, your opinion too much - political too much - thoughts and views
Communicating through an interpreter

A

Communicating with fams - Communicating with parents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Infancy - not talk a lot; provide comfort; Still on mom’s lap; give pacifier
Toddler - hardest communicate; not understand/not want do staying; out normal routine; thrown off and out comfort zone; talking with them, start by talking with parent and slowly direct focus to child
Preschool
School years
Adolescence

A

Communication related to development of thought processes - Communicating with children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Something holding/wearing/game, something fun and non-aggressive to start
Still on mom’s lap
Egocentric (analogies)
Don’t want to lose control
Do not understand analogies

A

Toddler - hardest communicate; not understand/not want do staying; out normal routine; thrown off and out comfort zone; talking with them, start by talking with parent and slowly direct focus to child

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Easier to talk with
start by talking with parent and slowly direct focus to child
Like answer questions - double check answers with parents
Poor Body integrity - get a cut, worry all insides come out; trouble defining boundaries and all coming out; fearful of everything
Blame themselves
Do not understand analogies

A

Preschool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Easy to talk to
Ask lots of questions
Want explain why asking/doing things
Typ want parents present
Explanations/rationales
Encourage them to communicate fears

A

School years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

BIG: Privacy and confidentiality
Communicate like an adult
Address them first
Oftentimes parent not in room

A

Adolescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lots of words - need fun creative terminology; less scary
shot/stick
Test
stretcher/gurney
incision/cut
Dye
Pain
Electrodes
Specimen
stool/urine
Fix

A

confusing/misunderstood words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Little medication under your skin

A

shot/stick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

See how ____ is working

A

Test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bed on wheels
Moveable bed

A

stretcher/gurney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Special opening

A

incision/cut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Color
Special medication

A

Dye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ouchie

A

Pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Stickers

A

Electrodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sample

A

Specimen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pee
Poop
Whatever they call it

A

stool/urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Make better

A

Fix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What gone through; immunizations; seeing pediatrician
Birth history - Traumatic delivery? Cerebral palsy going on?
Dietary history
Previous illness, injuries, and operations
Allergies
Current medications
Immunizations
Growth and development - IMP; meeting milestones; weighing them - on growth curve; percentile more imp for pediatrician
Habits
Reproductive health history - adolescents - when start menstruating; reg cycles
Family health history - Geographic location; certain areas where certain health conditions more common; hx childhood hearing loss: extra screening
Family structure
Psychosocial history
Review of systems
Sim to adult - but typ not prioritize birth hx and immunization

A

Hx taking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Infant:
Toddler:
Preschooler
School-age
Adolescents
Sequence of the examination
Goals of pediatric Assessment

A

Gen approaches toward examining the child

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

If mom holding baby - leave in mom’s arms
Quiet and happy - RR
Touch and move them - RR and HR up
Listen with stethoscope - when touch them start waking them
Norm head to toe - assess and check head
Check all extremities
Anything invasive last: temp and diaper change for end
Hate temp taking
BP only if sick - let calm down and then take
Crying - assess mouth

A

Infant:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Keep on lap
Talk with parent
Count fingers; look at overall appearance; dressed appropriately
Show them the equipment and show not hurt - worried about things hurt and losing control - help move things around
Assessment: temp and diaper end

A

Toddler:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Parents in room
On bed/table
Answer questions - double check with parent
If seem mature and comfy start norm head to toe
If fine: VS first and move on
If timid: RR and HR, assessment, temp and genital area last
Typ underwear
Offer gown middle to end this age

A

Preschooler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Norm head to toe
VS first and then head to toe
Tell what doing while doing it
Encourage questions
Parents typ in room
Offer gown

A

School-age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Same as an adult
Parents typ not in room
Wants privacy - discuss with them
Genital area last
Offer gown

A

Adolescents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Head-to-toe sequence for assessing adult clients
Sequence for pediatric assessments generally altered to accommodate child’s developmental needs
Use chronological AND developmental age

A

Sequence of the examination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Observe for readiness to cooperate
Minimize stress and anxiety associated with assessment of various body parts
Foster trusting nurse-child-parent relationships
Allow for maximum preparation of child
Preserve security of parent-child relationship
Maximize accuracy of assessment findings
Main: a-traumatic care; change assessment on age and how appear: timid, nervous, perfectly fine

A

Goals of pediatric Assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

HR: 80-160
Respirations (breaths): 25-55
BP: 65-100/45-65 mmHg
Temp: 98.6 F; normal range: 97.4-99.6 F

A
  • Normal VS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

HR: 60-120
Respirations (breaths): 1-5yr: 20-30; 6-11: 12-20
BP: 90-110/55-75 mmHg
Temp: 98.6 F; normal range: 97.4-99.6 F

A

Child: 1-11 yrs - Normal VS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

HR: 60-100
Respirations (breaths): 12-18
BP: 110-135/65-85 mmHg
Temp: 98.6 F; normal range: 97.4-99.6 F

A

pre-teen/teen: 12 and up - Normal VS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Growth measurements
Growth charts - numbers
Length - 0-2 yrs; examining pt; on paper; lay child down - mark head to heel then move them
Height - older than 2 yrs
Weight - as long as in diapers - take off; normal underwear leave on; not standing lay down
Head circumference - first 3 yrs; measure brain growing - growing appropriately

A

Phys exam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Physical states of vital function

A

VS

33
Q

Temperature
Pulse
Respiration
Blood pressure
Oxygen saturation

A

Physical states of vital function

34
Q

Temporal, tympanic, oral, axillary, rectal
0-2 yrs: axillary
2-5 yrs: axillary good; tympanic reliably; possibly oral - have be able shut mouth - going in toddlers mouth more scary than in armpit
>5yrs: orally - most accurate
Rectal - infants and toddlers - very sick and need definitive temp; try hard not do those; not do within first month - risk rupturing anus

A

Temperature

35
Q

Apical (0-2yrs - listen to the heart - very fast)
Radial pulse (>2 yrs)

A

Pulse

36
Q

First thing do
Infants: abdominal breathers - look at tummy and see breathing
In more upright position see in chest
Count same way as adult just faster

A

Respiration

37
Q

Not do in healthy kids until 3 yrs - then get at yearly exam
If come in sick then get BP
Upper arm - easiest place esp when older
Younger - lower legs/lower arms

A

Blood pressure

38
Q

Often on toes; neonates: whole foot/wrist

A

Oxygen saturation

39
Q

General appearance
Skin
Lymph nodes
Extremities
Head and neck
Eyes
Vision testing
Ocular alignment
Ears
Nose
Mouth and throat
Chest
Lungs
Auscultation
Heart
Abdomen
Genitalia
Anus
Back and extremities
Neurologic assessment

A

Phys assessment

40
Q

Clothes
Affect

A

General appearance

41
Q

How dressed
Appropriate for weather
How hair look
Balding spots

A

Clothes

42
Q

Appropriate for age

A

Affect

43
Q

Bruising
Pigment
Scars
transpalmar/simean crease

A

Skin

44
Q

Toddler - Sev diff colors on leg or arm: not concer - esp in school leg
If on chest, abdomen, bottom, or if appears belt hit child, arm grip, location: arm, back, bottom; mongolian spots: looks lot like bruising: in newborn common in African American, Asian, Native American, Pacific Islanders - not accuse parents abusing - common

A

Bruising

45
Q

Stork bite - nevis splex - common - typ grow out of; hot/flushed

A

Pigment

46
Q

Hemangioma - cluster of caps make red color - knick it bleeds a lot; med on it and slowly goes away; more concerning or close to eye - give beta blockers to help go away

A

Scars

47
Q

Syndromes - down syndrome and suspected - look at hand; can have it and not have syndrome

A

transpalmar/simean crease

48
Q

Sick lot more - inflamed a lot more

A

Lymph nodes

49
Q

Hair
ROM - how is this; see wearing now - helmets: flat head - even that out: lay on back - can be hard to prevent - want lot tummy time and up off back; awake not on back; infants do not like tummy time; cause of flat back - torticolis - stiffness in neck - cannot turn neck to one side easily: head to one side get into PT - correct without issue; helmets typ not covered by insurance unless so severe and shift symmetry in face

A

Head and neck

50
Q

Same on both sides; symmetrical
Drainage - teach pts - warm wash cloth and rub it - work it out; helpful if can get it out before becomes infected

A

External structures - Eyes

51
Q

Preparing the child
Funduscopic examination

A

Internal structures - Eyes

52
Q

Not have visual acuity in younger kids - assessing structure: retina - red light reflex; older check acuity
PERRLA - older kids
Visual acuity in children
Peripheral vision - older kids
Color vision - older kids
Red reflex - no cataracts

A

Vision testing

53
Q

Strabismus (needs to be detected by 4-6 years) - Start focus both eyes on 1 object - 3-4 months - struggling and have cross eyed - focus on this - cont worried about lazy eye - deals with alignment; not corrected 4-6 yrs - start impact visual acuity - affect vision; get amblyopia; patch strong eye to make other eye stronger; can do surgery to make other eye stronger
Cover test
Corneal light reflex - light should be reflected in same spot in both eyes
Amblyopia - can turn into blindness - focus on strong eye not weak eye - nerves and muscles not used as much and not need that eye - use good eye; need diagnosis this and treat ASAP; vision acuity
Cover eye test

A

Ocular alignment

54
Q

Cover one eye - focus on object - uncover other eye - if eye uncovered has to move to focus - is lazy; if not is strong

A

Cover eye test

55
Q

Ear deformities - concerned about hearing; balance; kidneys (develop same time in utero) - do US to check kidneys;
Outer canthus of eye goes right above eye - sign of syndrome - low set ears concerned about a syndrome - also born early

A

External structures - Ears

56
Q

Positioning the child
Otoscopic examination - can be scary for little kids; look in ear not hurt; do good ear first then bad ear; probably need to restrain them; use parents
<3: down and back
>3: up and back
3: look at best way to see it
Auditory testing

A

Internal structures - Ears

57
Q

External structures
Internal structures

A

Nose

58
Q

Nares patent
Dry
Boogers in there that need get that impacting bleeding
Bloody noses common in kids - ask about that

A

Internal structures - Nose

59
Q

Start cry/get back look in mouth

A

Internal structures - Mouth and throat

60
Q

Around 6-8 months
Baby can be more with teeth - take out = not in thee strong
Biggest tonsils - school-age; most commonly get them removed
Infants and toddlers hard visualize inflamed
Brown spots - cavities - refer to cavities
White patchy to yellowy spots - flourisis - too much fluoride - supplement and too much toothpaste
Iron supplement - stain greenish, black supplement if cannot swallow whole

A

Teeth - Mouth and throat

61
Q

Very round - infants; not same AP diameter

A

Chest shape

62
Q

Chest shape
Breast development

A

Chest

63
Q

Listen same way

A

Lungs/Heart

64
Q

Inspection
Auscultation
Palpation

A

Abdomen

65
Q

Feel - laugh; put hand first then push and then move hand and feel

A

Palpation - Abdomen

66
Q

Child can be born with partial circ - circumcisions very controversial - up to parents; if denied vitamin K do not do in hospital - risk bleeding
Moms hormone: inflammation breast tissue as newborn - goes away
Make sure testes descended: Block inguinal canal - make sure both descended - if cannot find them - do US if have them - if do and not descended going to watch for few months to see if descend; if do not do that go to surgery; if not do anything causes risk testicular cancer or infertility - 30 weeks gestation start descend; cont until older then worry; regularly assess for this

A

Male genitalia

67
Q

Still have moms hormones - can have some discharge after birth
Pseudomenses; discharge can be bloody - not concern
Moms hormone: inflammation breast tissue as newborn - goes away

A

Female genitalia

68
Q

accidents during day; previously potty trained; red flag to us; not concern if regression

A

Enuresis -

69
Q

during night; common; often outgrow it

A

Nocturesis -

70
Q

Not very common in kids
If have: US - make sure not structural issue
Common in baby boys versus girls

A

UTIs - Genitalia

71
Q

Make sure patent; not always
Type not allow until pass maconium - first poop - if patent and not passed - could indicate be bigger issue with GI sys

A

Anus

72
Q

Spine
Extremities
Joints
Muscles
Scoliosis in older kids
Arms and legs same length

A

Back and extremities

73
Q

Cerebellar function
Reflexes
Cranial nerves - test for these; see what is going on

A

Neurologic assessment

74
Q

Finger-to-nose
Heel-to-shin
Romberg test

A

Cerebellar function

75
Q

Funny for kids; often do on self

A

Reflexes

76
Q

Protrusion of portion of an organ through an abnormal opening
Types

A

Hernia

77
Q

Often bowels
Danger of incarceration/strangulation

A

Protrusion of portion of an organ through an abnormal opening - Hernia

78
Q

Diaphragmatic - worse - bowels push into lungs; in utero before born; life expectancy not long; lungs cannot develop; severe by 4-5 typ outgrow lungs
Abdominal wall - fix with surgery
Inguinal/umbilicial canal - fix with surgery; fairly common; push and goes back it; make sure is retractable; if not worry about blood supply; can hear bowel sounds
Inguinal - protrude into scrotum: scrotum huge - painful and go in surgically and fix when

A

Types - Hernia

Peds/OB (68 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions