Ch. 31 Flashcards
Growth is rapid
Gain 5-7 oz weekly first 6 months then slows down
Height increases 2.5 cm a month during first 6 months
Increases occur after in sudden spurts
Increase length mainly in trunk
Head growth rapid
Brain increased weight
Chest assumes adult contour - circumference equals head circumference by end first yr
Heart grows less rapidly
Proportional changes - infant
RR slows
Respiratory movements cont be abdominal
Short straight eustatian tubes = likely get an infection
HR slows
Systolic rises and diastolic decreases
Maturation of systems
Use hands and fingers
Manipulative skill
Transfer objects
Palmar grasp to pincer grasp
Fine motor
Head control
Rolling over
Sitting
Locomotion
Gross motor
Acquiring sense of trust while overcoming a sense of mistrust
Trust self, others, world - feeding, comfort, stimulation, caring needs met
Psychosocial development: developing a sense of trust (Erikson)
Reflexive to simple repetitive acts to imitative acts
First involves separation
Object permanence
Cognitive development: sensorimotor phase (piaget)
Kinesthetic and tactile experiences first perception of bodies
Mouth principal area pleasurable sensations
As needs met, feel comfy and satisfaction with bodies
Messages conveyed by caregivers reinforces feelings
Concept object permanence
Increasing interest in their image
Learn parts bodies useful
Development of body image
First - crying
Vocalizations during crying eventually become syllables and words
9-10 months comprehend meaning of no and obey simple commands
1 - say 3-5 words
Based on expressive skills and receptive skills
Language development
Represents various social modalities
Primarily narcissisitic and involves own bodies
Throughout first yr - more sophisticated and independent
Stimulation important for growth
Infants need to be played with
Type toys less imp than quality personal interaction
Play
Begin prenatally
Discuss breast feeding or bottle feeding well in advance of delivery date
Consider empty calories; given solid foods before digestive sys ready
Do not assume natural is safe - aware of effects, availability and prac of complimentary therapies
Nutrition
2 month old - 15 hours
6-12 months: 13 hrs
Sleeping through night 3-4 months
12 months - 8 hrs at least
Number naps varies
Typ 2 naps/day by end 1 yr
Naturally active
Sleep and activity
Do not do milk propping, milk bottle in bed, fruit juice in bottle - esp before 6 months - lead to enamel eron and early caries
Primary teeth erupt cleaning should begin
Brief oral health examination by 6 months
Water preferred to toothpaste
Fluoride essential mineral for building caries-resistantteeth = needed beginning 6 months
Avoid foods with concentrated sugar, do not coat pacifier in sweetness or candied pacifiers
Counsel regarding effects frequent and prolonged bottle-feeding or breastfeeding during sleep
Avoid carbonated beverages
Dental health
Major cause death
Esp 6-12 mon
Suffocation, motor vehicle, drawing
Must always watch them
Safety promotion and injury prevention
