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Microbiology Lab > Lab Exam 1 > Flashcards

Lab Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are some objects that are regularly flamed to avoid contamination?

A

opening of glass tube of microbes
loop tool

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2
Q

what is the power of the ocular lens?

A

10x

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3
Q

what are the powers of the four objective lenes of the microscope?

A

4x
10x
40x
100x

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4
Q

what is the smallest total magnification and the largest total magnification our compound microscope can magnify?

A

40x - 1000x

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5
Q

what is the purpose of oil immersion?

A

reduces light refraction which limits loss of light in order to view clear image (increase the resolution) at 1000x magnification

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6
Q

which objective lens requires immersion oil?

A

100x

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7
Q

what is a smear? Is microbe alive?

A

fusing of a microbe to a glass slide
microbes are dead

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8
Q

what is a wet mount? is microbe alive?

A

liquid sample containing Living culture of microbes
yes

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9
Q

what are the steps of making a smear?

A
  1. take two loopfuls of bacteria to target circle
  2. air dry
  3. heat fix by running slide through flame 6 times
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10
Q

what is the purpose of fusing bacteria to slide?

A

kills bacteria
makes bacteria easier to see because they are not moving

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11
Q

WHAT do we flame during preparation of smear? why?

A

-opening of microbe vile
- looping tool

to follow aseptic technique and not contaminate microbes to other surfaces or the microbes themselves

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12
Q

what is the advantages of using a wet mount instead of a smear?

A

live organisms (you can see how they function)
easy to prep

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13
Q

why do we stain microbes?

A

to better see morphology (size and shape)

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14
Q

How is simple stain different than a differential stain?

A

simple stain uses one dye
differential stain uses multiple dyes

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15
Q

what are the names and colors of the simple stains we used at beginning of class?

A

methylene blue (blue)
safranin (pink)

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16
Q

what are the basic steps to differential stain technique?

A
  1. start with applying primary stain to smear
  2. use mordant
  3. use decolorizer
  4. use counterstain
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17
Q

what is a mordant’s purpose?

A

helps dye color stick in target cells (intensifies color)

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18
Q

what is the decolorizer’s purpose?

A

removes color from the background and any non-target cells

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19
Q

what is the counterstain’s purpose

A

stains non-target cells

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20
Q

what is the reason to use a differential stain technique?

A

to help see and differentiate different microbes

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21
Q

during which step is the simple stain used within the differential staining technique?

A

last step = secondary/differential stain

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22
Q

during which step is the differential stain used during the differential staining technique?

A

first step = differential stain

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23
Q

would malachite green be considered a simple or differential stain?

A

differential

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24
Q

what is the primary stain in the spore staining technique?

A

malachite green

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25
Q

what is the mordant in the spore staining technique?

A

steam

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26
Q

what is the decolorizer in the spore staining technique?

A

distilled water

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27
Q

what is the counterstain in the spore staining technique?

A

safranin

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28
Q

what are two genera of common spore formers?

A
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29
Q

what is the color of the endospores at the end?

A

endospores are green

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30
Q

what appears to be pink at the end of endospore staining?

A

vegetative cells

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31
Q

what is the primary stain in gram staining?

A

crystal violet

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32
Q

what is the mordant in gram staining?

A

iodine

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33
Q

what is the decolorizer used in gram staining?

A

alcohol and acetone

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34
Q

what is the counterstain used in gram staining?

A

safranin

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35
Q

what color is a Gram positive cell at the end of stain?

A

purple

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36
Q

what color is a Gram negative cell at the end of stain?

A

pink

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37
Q

what are the shapes and genera of the two Gram bacteria we used?

A

Staphylococcus - coccus
Escherchia - bacillus

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38
Q

what is the primary stain in acid-fast staining?

A

basic fuchsin

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39
Q

what is the mordant in acid-fast staining?

A

phenol + dimethyl sulfoxide

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40
Q

what is the name when basic fuchsin is mixed with the mordant in acid-fast technique?

A

carbol fuchsin

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41
Q

what is the decolorizer used in acid-fast technique?

A

acid-alcohol

42
Q

what is the counterstain used in acid-fast technique?

A

methylene blue

43
Q

what color are the acid-fast target cells at the end of acid-fast technique?

A

red

44
Q

what color are the non-target cells of acid-fast technique?

A

blue

45
Q

what is the genus of the acid-fast microbe used?

A
46
Q

what is the genus of the non-target cell in the acid-fast technique?

A
47
Q

How is negative stain different from other staining protocols that we performed?

A

We stain the background of the slide, rather than the cell itself

48
Q

How is the fixing step for the capsule stain different from the other staining protocols that we performed before?

A

it uses chemical fixing as opposed to heat fixing

49
Q

what is the primary stain in capsule staining?

A

Congo red

50
Q

what is the purpose of the acid-alcohol for the capsule stain? how is this different than how it was used for acid-fast?

A

In capsule staining, acid-alcohol chemically fixes the cells to the slide

In acid-fast, acid-alcohol is used as the decolorizer

51
Q

what is the secondary stain used in capsule staining?

A

Carbol fuchsin

52
Q

what was the genus of the organism we used in capsule staining?

A
53
Q

How do capsules appear at the end of capsule staining?

A

background will be dark blue/purple and magenta
capsules will look like a clear halo around the pinkish color of the bacillus shaped cell

54
Q

what color is background of capsule staining?

A

Dark blue/purple and magenta

55
Q

name

A

common name: Tapeworm

56
Q

what is the name of the head of this organism? meaning?

A

scolex - “head with suckers”

57
Q

what are we looking at? genus name?

A
58
Q

where can Planaria be found?

A

in digestive system

59
Q

what is the difference between Planaria and the tapeworm?

A

tapeworms are parasitic flatworms while Planaria are non-parasitic flatworms

60
Q

Genus?

A
61
Q

Genus?

A
62
Q

what is the centermost organism considered to be (not talking genus name)

A

zygospores (sexual reproduction)

63
Q

what is the organism in the bottom right corner considered to be (not talking genus name)

A

sporangia (asexual reproduction)

64
Q

Is this a bacteria, yeast, or fungus? (Not asking for genus or species name)

A

mold/fungi

65
Q

what is the name of this?

A

Common name: Hydra

66
Q

what type of animal is this

A

invertebrate freshwater animal

67
Q

what are these projections?

A

feeding tentacles

68
Q

Genus name?

A
69
Q

genus name? (Color: green)

A
70
Q

genus name?

A
71
Q

what three microbes are molds?

A

Rhizopus
Aspergillus
Penicillium
(All underlined)

72
Q

what are molds?

A

multicellular fungi

73
Q

genus?

A
74
Q

What term is used to identify this structure (not name the genus)

A

cleistothecia - closed-fruiting body that contains sexual spores

75
Q

name? (color is purple)

A

mixed budding yeast

76
Q

How are yeast different than molds?

A

yeast are unicellular fungi
molds are multicellular fungi

77
Q

what is the common name of these?

A

diatom

78
Q

Name a fact about diatoms

A

they are photosynthetic algae that contain silica in their cell walls

79
Q

Name?

A

lichen

80
Q

what is the term associated with this organism but is not its name? meaning?

A

thallus - vegetative fruiting body

81
Q

genus name?

A
82
Q

what is the darker purple dot within the microbe?

A

nucleus

83
Q

what ailment can this cause?

A

protozoan parasite can cause STI

84
Q

what are these? (Look closely)

A

bacteria capsules

85
Q

what is the function of the halo-like portion of these cells?

A

help bacteria with attachment and evading immune cells

86
Q

genus name?

A
87
Q

where can these be found?

A

in soil and GI tract of human body

88
Q

shape of these cells?

A

bacillus

89
Q

genus name?

A
90
Q

gram positive or gram negative?

A

Gram positive bacteria

91
Q

gram positive or gram negative?

A

Gram positive bacteria

92
Q

gram positive or gram negative? (pinkish/red cells)

A

Gram negative bacteria

93
Q

what ailment can these cause?

A

strep throat

94
Q

genus name?

A
95
Q

what ailment does this cause?

A

STI, gonorrhea

96
Q

what is the shape of this cell

A

coccus

97
Q

This picture does not show the colors accurately. The lighter colors should be green and the dark splotches should be pink. what might this be a sample of?

A

endospores (bluish green)
vegetative cells (pink)

98
Q

Identify?: (smaller bits are green in color, longer bits are red in color)

A

endospores and vegetative cells

99
Q

identify: (circular-shaped cells are blue in color, large clumps are pink)

A

acid-fast (Mycobacterium in pink)
non-target (Staphylococcus in blue)

100
Q

Planaria is hermaphorditic, what does that mean?

A

has both female and male sex organs

101
Q

what is the genus?

A

Microbiology Lab (11 decks)

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