exam 2 lecture 5

Question 1

components of parenteral vehicles

Answer 1

isontonicity, osmolarity, osmolality

Question 2

isotonicity

Answer 2

maintaining and possessing a uniform tension or tone
parenteral vehicles have ability to burst open blood and venous endothelial cells

Question 3

concentrations over time

Answer 3

two different concentrations seperated by semi-permeable membrane –> given some time will equal concentration on each side.

Question 4

diffusion

Answer 4

permeable membrane
high concentration to low concentration
solute moves from high concentration to lower concentration

Question 5

osmosis

Answer 5

semipermeable membrane
water moves from higher concentration to lower concentration

Question 6

impemeable membrane

Answer 6

nothing goes through
cell starves

Question 7

permeable membrane

Answer 7

everything goes through
cell ends as an empty shell, dead again

Question 8

semipermeable membrane

Answer 8

somethings can cross and others can’t
viable cell
cell membranes are semipermeable membranes

Question 9

RBCs

Answer 9

shape allows membrane folding
different concentrations inside + outside
tendency to equalize concentrations
inject plain water –> hemolysis

Question 10

how to measure risk

Answer 10

by knowing the osmolarity or osmolality of preparation
osmometer measures this property

Question 11

colligative properties

Answer 11

properties that depend on quantity of molecular particles
osmolarity + osmolality are determined by total concentration of solutes dissolved
freezing point depression
lowering vapor pressure
osmotic pressure
elevation of boiling point

Question 12

osmolarity

Answer 12

(#osmoles of solute) / (liter of solution)

Question 13

osmolality

Answer 13

(# osmoles of solute) / weight (kg) of only solvent

Question 14

osmolarity vs osmolality

Answer 14

when concentration is low –> closer and almost equal
when concetration is high –> very different

Question 15

serum osmolarity

Answer 15

280 - 300 mOsmol/L