final nanomedicine Flashcards
Particle size
directly or indirectly implicated in all aspects of drug delivery
- cellular uptake - endocytosis, phagocytosis
- flow in capillaries; embolization, extravasation
- adsorption of ligands - interactions with receptors
why nano?
small enough for blood vessels –> can be given IV
injectable IV
unique bioditribution
proper surface modication, nanoparticles can enter cells
enhanced permeability & retention
small molecules can penetrate normal tissue and tumor tissue
macromolecules can only penetrate tumor tissue
angiogenesis –> rebuilding of blood vessels
nanoparticulate drug carriers
micelles/polymeric micelles
liposomes
protein nanoparticles
critical micelle concentration
higher above CMC –> forms micelle
lower below CMC –> surfactant molecules accumulate in surface layer
micelles formed in water
hydrophobic groups oriented toward the center
micelles
surfactant molecules aggregate in aqueous solution to form micelles
CMC
micelles are formed when surfactants or block co-polymers are present above certain concentration
taxol
indications:
first line treatment and subsequent therapy for treatment of advanced carcinoma in ovary
taxol - paclitaxel
micelle that does not dissolve in water
precautions related to cremophor EL
dose-limiting toxicity
can dissolve plasticizer
side effects: histamine release HLD, severe anaphylaxis
polymeric micelles
amphiphilic block-copolymer
-PEG
help solubilize hydrophobic drugs in water
less toxic than surfactants
liposomes
phospholipids –> natural or synthetic
cholesterol –> immobilize the first few hydrocarbon groups of phospholipid
stealth liposomes
surface PEG prevents opsonization
increase circulation time
decrease RES accumulation
DOXIL
doxorubicin in liposome
indications: ovarian cancer
side effects: hand-foot syndrome
