exam 2 lecture 6

Question 1

vascular access device

Answer 1

peripheral: needle + over-the-needle catheter
central: peripherally-instered central catheter + surgically implanted

Question 2

volume control set

Answer 2

used for accurately giving volume of drug to patient
accurate solutions and amounts

Question 3

add-vantage system

Answer 3

powder in the container
place container into top of IV bag
very fast

Question 4

macrodrip

Answer 4

delivers large quantities
faster rates
10,15,20 gtt/mL

Question 5

microdrip

Answer 5

delivers smaller amounts
60 gtt/mL
used in pediatrics
patients who need smaller or closely regulated amounts of IV solution

Question 6

rate

Answer 6

driving force / resistance

Question 7

components of resistance to flow

Answer 7

tubing: macrobore vs microbore
in-line filter
viscosity of IV fluid
length of tubing
venous backpressure

Question 8

volume fill

Answer 8

smaller mL has higher percentage of excess
larger mL has lower percentage of excess

Question 9

drop conversion factor - drop number

Answer 9

the initial educated guess
actual depends on: visocisty of CSP, surface tension, density

Question 10

butterfly needle

Answer 10

keeps the needle from moving while in vein

Question 11

over-the needle catheter

Answer 11

plastic cap –> less risk when moving,

Question 12

central venous therapy

Answer 12

infusion of large volume of fluid
multiple infusions
long-term infusion therapy
infusion or irritating medications like potassium
infusion of fluids of high osmolarity
parenteral nutrition (PN)

Question 13

central line

Answer 13

hickman or broviac
peripherally inserted central catheter
catheter inserted into arm then into subclavian vein

Question 14

central vein catheter - surgically implanted

Answer 14

multiple lumens - gives flexibility when giving multiple medications

Question 15

hickman catheter

Answer 15

requires surgical insertion
dacron cuff prevents excess motion

Question 16

vascular access port (VAP)

Answer 16

port under skin connected to a catheter

Question 17

needles for VAP

Answer 17

requires non-coring needle
straight noncoring needle
right angle non-coring needle

Question 18

advantages for central venous therapy

Answer 18

access to central veins
rapid infusion of large amounts of fluid
a way to draw blood and measure CV pressure
reduce need for repeated venipunctures
reduce risk of vein irritation from infusing irritating substances

Question 19

risk of central venous therapy

Answer 19

sepsis
thrombus formation
perforation of vessel
air embolism
disadvantages: cost + requires more skill to insert

Question 20

risks associated with infusion

Answer 20

complications from damge to inner lining of vein
stenosis, thrombus, venous occlusion, chemical inflammation

Question 21

controllers

Answer 21

drop counting sensor
automatic clamping device (controller)

Question 22

infusion pumps

Answer 22

powered devices
provides pressure 2-12 psi –> high end of pressure is used for intra-arterial infusions
cuation: excessive infusion pressure can be a hazard to infiltration at site of injection

Question 23

features of infusion pumps

Answer 23

volumetric delivery, independent of vascular back-pressure, position of patient, composition of solution, or tubing resistance
safety features: occlusion of line, infusion complete, air in line, empty container, flow rate error
becoming increasingly smart

Question 24

IV infusion pumps

Answer 24

use commercial syringes
smart machines
very usefuk for giving intermittent IV medications
provides best control for small volume infusions
useful for pediatric patients