Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MOD > Wildlife Triage + Rehabilitation > Flashcards

Wildlife Triage + Rehabilitation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main area of action in wildlife medicine?

A

First aid of wildlife casualties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are laws directly affecting veterinary surgeons?

A

*Veterinary Surgeons Act 1966
◦ Only registered Vets can practice Veterinary Medicine
◦ Exceptions: RVNs, Veterinary Students

*Animal Welfare Act 2006
◦ Applies to domestic animals and wild animals while under captive care

*Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981
◦ Permits taking an animal from the wild for treatment and rehabilitation, until released.
◦ Illegal to release certain species in the wild (eg. Grey squirrel), except under license

*Animal Health Act 1981
◦ Regulates the control of some notifiable diseases (eg TB, Avian flu, Rabies)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are common wild bird species seen?

A

Waterfowl
Swans
Buzzards
Kestrels
Owls
Magpies
Crows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are common small / garden birds seen?

A

Pidgeon
Blue tits
Robins
Finches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are common wild mammal species seen?

A

Hedgehogs
Foxes
Rabbits
Bats
Squirrels
Wild deer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the goal of rehabiliatation?

A

*Ultimate goal:
= return that patient to the wild, with normal physical and behaviour function.
*Main consideration = animal welfare and health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What needs to be done with telephone triage?

A

*Record species, location + main presentation
*Inform how to capture + transport
*Inform of possible health hazards to humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the risk to humans of handling wildlife?

A

*Bites
*Scratches
*Antlers
*Toxic skin secretions
*Venomous species
*Zoonosis - rabies / TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the risk to animals of handling wildlife?

A

*Iatrogenic trauma - skin + hair
- Tail slip
*Stress
*Disease transmission / cross contamination
*Imprinting + Behaviour change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What needs to be done when handling birds?

A

*Minimise pressure on chest
*Keep in upright position
*Avoid talons
*keep wings folded + controlled - towel
*CAn injure themselves badly if long legs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What needs to be done when handling bats?

A

Always wear latex gloves - risk of rabies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why are adders relevant?

A

Venomous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are distinguishing features of adders?

A
  • Orange to red eye
  • Vertical pupil
  • Dark zig-zag dorsal pattern (but coloration varies)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When would you use gas anaesthesia?

A

Routine examination of Hedgehogs, large rodents + some avian patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What would you use to sedate avian patients?

A

Midazolam + Butorphanol IM/intra-nasal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What would you give injectable anaesthesia to and how would you deliver it?

A

Mammals – Carnivores, Deer
Delivery:
◦ Crush cage
◦ Darts – special licenses required!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When would you consider euthanasia?

A
  • Imminent death
  • Extensive trauma +/- exposure of internal organs
  • Severe emaciation
  • Exposed fractures (specially birds)
  • Severe or extensive myiasis
  • Blind/naked neonates
  • Untreatable disease
  • Permanent disability
  • Legal reasons
  • Any circumstance where the patient’s welfare and release back to the wild can’t be guaranteed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What % dehydration would most wild birds be when coming to practice?

A

10% dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is emergency treatment?

A

*Thermal support
*Oxygen
*Fluids - Maintenance fluid + Correct dehydration over 24-48hr

20
Q

When are orphan birds seen?

A

Late winter (owls) to summer

21
Q

What traumas are seen in wild birds?

A

*Head trauma
*Wing fractures
*Leg fractures
*Lacerations + bite wounds

22
Q

What are the signs of head trauma in birds?

A

◦ Altered mentation
◦ Hemorrhage on oral cavity/ears
◦ Hyphema
◦ Anisocoria
◦ Facial paralysis (check head feathers)

23
Q

What first aid care should you give for a head trauma?

A

*Dark, cool place
*Analgesia - meloxicam

24
Q

What should be done with wing fractures?

A

Immobilize wing as soon as possible
-figure of 8 bandage / tape splint

25
Q

What should be done with leg fractures?

A

Immobilize leg as soon as possible
-lateral / tape splint

26
Q

What should be done with fractures once stable?

A

General anaesthesia + Radiographs

27
Q

What should be done with wounds/bite wounds?

A
  • Consider sedation/GA for wound examination/management
  • Flush with sterile Saline 0.9%
  • Remove any necrotic tissue
  • Cover wound with hydrocolloid gel, Manuka honey or Silver sulfadiazine creams
  • Wet-to-dry dressing or non-adhesive dressing applied
  • Most wounds are contaminated/infected – healing by 2nd intention, do not suture
  • Analgesia + Antibiotics (specially if bite wounds) – Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid
28
Q

What birds are at an increased risk of getting lead poisoning?

A

*Swans
*Waterfowl - duck, geese
*Birds of prey

29
Q

What are clinical signs of lead poisoning?

A

*Neurological signs
*Pale Mucous Membranes
*Hemoglobinuria

30
Q

How is lead poisoning diagnosed?

A

*X-rays - metallic densities in GIT
*Lead blood levels - >0.02ppm

31
Q

What are treatment options for lead poisoning?

A

◦ Calcium EDTA
◦ Penicillamine
◦ Supportive care
◦ Consider flushing/removing large lead pieces from GI tract
◦ Activated charcoal

32
Q

What birds are at risk of getting botulism?

A

◦ Swans and other waterfowl
◦ Gulls and other aquatic birds

33
Q

What are clinical signs of botulism?

A

◦ Progressive flaccid paralysis (+ neck muscles)
◦ Associated with high mortality
◦ Outbreaks can last several weeks

34
Q

What is the treatment of botulism?

A

*Fluids
*Activated charcoal
*Supportive care
*Anti type-C toxoid serum
-Severe cases = euthanasia

35
Q

What is the treatment of oiled birds?

A
  1. Supportive care (fluids, activated charcoal, bismuth subsalicylate)
  2. Provide supplemental heat
  3. Clean mucosas and eyes first with sterile Saline 0.9%
  4. Start prophylactic antifungals
  5. Remove oil from plumage (water 40 C + Fairy®)
  6. Remove detergent from plumage – soft warm water
  7. Dry plumage
  8. Restore feather structure
36
Q

What are the zoonosis to be careful with in hedgehogs?

A

*Ringworm
*Salmonellosis

37
Q

What is capture myopathy?

A

Intense muscle activity -> Tissue acidosis (Lactic acid) -> Metabolic acidosis
=Inflammation and muscle necrosis (incl. myocardium)
= Acute renal failure

38
Q

What are risk factors of capture myopathy?

A

*Acute stress
*Capture / restraining
*High temp

39
Q

What species are susceptible to capture myopathy?

A

*Deer
*Some waders
*Geese
*Cranes

40
Q

What are the clinical signs of capture myopathy?

A
  • Paresis
  • Paralysis
  • Ataxia
  • Sudden death
41
Q

What is the treatment of capture myopathy?

A
  • Fluids
  • Midazolam
  • Vitamin E + Selenium?
  • NSAIDs?
  • Suspend patient in hammocks
42
Q

What are viruses found in birds?

A

Avian flu
Avian pox
papillomatosis in finches
Paramyxovirus infections

43
Q

What are the species of seal seen in the UK?

A

Common seal
Grey seal

44
Q

What are the seal casualties brought in?

A

Usually pups - starvation, dehydration + trauma

45
Q

Why is sedation + GA dangerous in seals?

A

They have a very strong diving reflex = will cause them to hold their breath

MOD (103 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions