presentation of kidney disease

Question 1

what is very strongly associated with kidney disease?

Answer 1

hypertension

Question 2

what is accelerated hypertension?

Answer 2

a medical emergency
diastolic >120mmHg
end organ decompensation

Question 3

what symptoms of associated disease are associated with kidney disease?

Answer 3

gouty tophus
vasculitic skin rash
HSP
splinter haemorrhage

Question 4

what does “frothy” urine indicate?

Answer 4

high protein content in urine

Question 5

what is the range for nephrotic proteinurea?

Answer 5

> 3g/day
the more proteinurea the worse the prognosis

Question 6

what is a sign of hyperkalaemia on ecg?

Answer 6

peaked T waves

Question 7

what is the GFR in a patient with kidney failure?

Answer 7

<15

Question 8

what are the features of nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 8

proteinuria >3g/day
hypoalbuminemia
oedema (particularly periorbital)

Question 9

what are the features of nephritic syndrome?

Answer 9

active urinary sediment
hypertension
oedema
acute kidney injury
oligouria