haematuria Flashcards
why is haematospermia concerning?
a sign of prostate cancer
(but most cases are a sign of infection)
is visible haematuria concerning?
yes
20% are malignant causes
what are some risk factors for concerning microscopic haematuria?
smoking history
occupational chemical/dye exposure
history of gross haematuria
age >40
history of UTI
analgesic abuse
what is more serious-macroscopic or microscopic haematuria?
macroscopic
what infections can cause haematuria?
urethritis
prostatitis
cystitis
uteritis
pyelonephritis
glomerulonephritis
what % of patients with kidney stones have haematuria?
80%
what % of renal cell carcinoma patients have haematuria?
50-60%
what % of tumours of the urinary tract present with haematuria?
75-85%
also loin pain/renal colic
what are the symptoms of penile cancer?
itching/burning under the foreskin
red/indurated area
mass/lump/nodule
growth/ulcer
which drugs and toxins can cause red urine?
doxyrubicine
chloroquine
rifampicin
nitrofurantoin
senna containing laxatives
lead
mercury
what can cause macrohaematuria?
UTI
trauma
perineal irritation
sickle cell
glomerulonephritis
malignancy
what can cause red diaper syndrome?
serratia marcescens infection
what are the symptoms of renal cancer?
loin pain
frequency, urgency and dysuria
feeling feverish, sweating and shivery
what does initial blood in urine tell us?
lower urinary tract
?urethra
?prostate
what does terminal blood in urine tell us?
upper urinary tract
?bladder
?bladder neck
