imaging

Question 1

what are the strengths of USS?

Answer 1

renal size
cortical scarring
Doppler-for flow assessment
distension of pelvicalyceal system
calculi
detection of renal abnormalities
Cheap
Micro-bubble contrast

Question 2

what are the weaknesses of an USS?

Answer 2

user dependent!
limited characterisation of focal lesions
Technical limitations in unwell and obese patients

Question 3

what scan is the best to look for renal stones?

Answer 3

CT KUB

Question 4

what is CT contrast induced nephropathy/

Answer 4

condition in which an impairment in renal function occurs within 3 days following intravascular administration of a contrast medium in the absence of an alternative aetiology

Question 5

what are the risk factors for CT contrast induced nephropathy?

Answer 5

renal impairment +/- diabetes mellitus
dehydration
HF
reduced LV ejection fraction
acute MI

Question 6

when is a bladder ultrasound used?

Answer 6

visualise internal calculi
bladder wall irregularities
diverticulae