bladder outflow obstruction Flashcards
where in the prostate does cancer occur?
in the peripheral zone
where in the prostate does BPH happen?
in the transitional zone
what is the function of the prostatic urethra?
opening of ejaculatory ducts
where is an obstruction in the urethra most likely to occur?
the fossa navicularis
what are some causes of bladder outflow obstruction?
BPH
prostate cancer
bladder cancer
bladder stones
urethral strictures
how common is BPH
50% at 50
90% at 90
what can cause BPH?
unknown
genetic
dietary
hormonal
what are the risk factors for BPH?
infection
pain/retention
family history
how is BPH diagnosed?
is there a suspicion of cancer
haematuria? (more likely to be cancer)
back pain? (more likely to be cancer)
PSA
how is urinary retention checked?
general abdo
pelvic
bladder USS
how can urinary retention be managed?
transurethral catheter
suprapubic catheter (2nd line, procedure needed but more comfortable long term)
what blood tests would be done in BPH?
PSA
U and E
and a USS
how is BPH treated?
lifestyle- stop irritants (reduce caffeine, dark chocolate, spicy food)
medication- tamsulosein: alpha blocker
- 5a reductase inhibitor: relaxes muscle
TURP- get rid of obstructing site of prostate
what are indications for surgery?
failed medical tx and lifestyle change
recurrent retention
high pressure chronic retention
recurrent haematuria due to enlarged prostate
recurrent infections
