1.3

Question 1

the prokaryotic cell contains a concentrated region of DNA in the ___ region

Answer 1

nucleoid

Question 2

what are the domains in which all life is classified and list if they are prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Answer 2

archea and bacteria are both prokaryotic and eukarya are eukaryotic

Question 3

why are archea considered extremophiles?

Answer 3

they mostly thrive in harsh conditions and theres more variety in the habitats theyre found in

Question 4

how are archea notable for their ability to use alternative energy sources

Answer 4

many are photosynthetic and others are chemosynthetic which they can generate energy form inorganic compounds

Question 5

all bacteria contain what?

Answer 5

a cellmembrane and cytoplasm

Question 6

why do antibiotics target the bacterial ribosome instead of the eukaryotic ribosome?

Answer 6

its significantly smaller

Question 7

mutualistic symbiotes ?

Answer 7

when both humans and bacteria benefit in the relationship

Question 8

pathogenic bacteria can live intracellularly or extracellulary? true or false

Answer 8

true

Question 9

what are the 3 shapes bacteria come in as?

Answer 9

spherical( cocci), bacilli, ans siprilli

Question 10

aerobe vs anerobes main difference?

Answer 10

aerobes require oxygen while anerobes do not need oxygen

Question 11

bacteria that require oxygen are called

Answer 11

obligate aerobes

Question 12

obilgate vs faculative vs aerotolerant anaerobes

Answer 12

-obligate anaerobes: cannot live in oxygen environment

-faculative: switch to aerobic when oxygen is present and go back to anaerobic when theres no oxygen

-aerotolerant: cant use oxygen in environment but arent harmed if its in the enviroment unlike obligate who cant “touch” oxygen at all

Question 13

main difference between prokaryotic an eukaryotic cells?

Answer 13

prokaryotes lack a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Question 14

prokaryotes are single cell and must produce all things necessary to maintain life on its own? T OR F

Answer 14

true

Question 15

cellmembrane is composed of what?

Answer 15

phospholipids

Question 16

what 2 layers of prokaryotic cell barrier which forms what is known as___

Answer 16

cell wall and cell membrane which form the envelope

Question 17

why is cell wall important?

Answer 17

helps maitain the concentration gradient relative to the environment

Question 18

what are the 2 types of cell wall? and what color stain determines it

Answer 18

gram negative (pink) and gram positive( violet)

Question 19

cell walls in a gram positive consist of a thick layer of ____ which is?

Answer 19

peptidogylcan: a polymeric substance from sugars and amino acids

Question 20

lipoteichoic acid is in which gram wall? and whats it thought to do

Answer 20

gram positive and its thought to activate the immune system

Question 21

gram negative walls are thick and also contain peptidoglycan like gram positive? T OR F

Answer 21

false

Question 22

lipoteichoic acid is stronger than lipopolysaccharides when activating immune response? T OR F

Answer 22

false

Question 23

gram negative bacterias have outer membranes consisting of both….

Answer 23

phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides

Question 24

what are flagella?

Answer 24

whip like structures that can be used for propulsion towards food or away from toxins

Question 25

chemotaxis?

Answer 25

ability of cell to detect chemical stimuli and move toward or away from them

Question 26

true histones are found in archea while bacteria has histone likes ? T OR F

Answer 26

true

Question 27

what do plasmids carry?

Answer 27

DNA not necessary for survival of the prokaryote

Question 28

prokaryotes dont have mitochondria so they have what?

Answer 28

the cellmembrane that generates ATP and does the electron transport chain