1.3 The Carbon Chemistry of Life

Question 1

True or False: carbon atoms are the base of every organic molecule

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Carbon forms the _________ of large, complex molecules

Answer 2

backbone

Question 3

Carbon can assemble into a huge variety of:

Answer 3

CHAIN and RING
structures

Question 4

What are hydrocarbons

Answer 4

molecules that
only contain Carbon and
Hydrogen

Question 5

hydrocarbons are commonly used as:

Answer 5

fuels

Question 6

carbon rings can join to form:

Answer 6

chains and more complicated
3-Dimensional
Structures

Question 7

Functional group

Answer 7

a group of atoms that
affects the function of a molecule by
participating in chemical reactions

Question 8

Functional group attach to Carbon structures and give them
specific __________________

Answer 8

chemical characteristics

Question 9

Functional groups are often:

Answer 9

ionic/strongly polar so are involved in chemical reactions

Question 10

True or False: Non-polar parts interact in reactions

Answer 10

False

Question 11

6 types of functional groups

Answer 11

hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amine, phosphate, sulfhydryl

Question 12

Major class of Hydroxyl and example

Answer 12

alcohol (ethanol)

Question 13

Major class of carbonyl and example

Answer 13

aldehydes and ketones (acetone)

Question 14

major class of carboxyl and example

Answer 14

organic acids (acetic acid)

Question 15

major class of amine and example

Answer 15

amino acids (alanine)

Question 16

major class of phosphate and example

Answer 16

Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids,
Many Cellular Molecules (Glyceraldehyde – 3 – phosphate

(product of photosynthesis))

Question 17

major class of sulfhydryl and example

Answer 17

Many Cellular Molecules (Methionine)

Question 18

functional groups make molecules available for cell use by making them ________________

Answer 18

water soluble (ex. ethanol can be metabolized by the cell as it’s water soluble, but ethane cannot be used even though it has more energy)

Question 19

Carboxyl can ________ protons (H+). Acts as an acid or base?

Answer 19

release protons, acts as an acid

Question 20

Amino can ________ protons (H+). Acts as an acid or base?

Answer 20

accept protons to become NH3+, acts as a base

Question 21

phosphate can ________ protons (H+).

Answer 21

release protons to become PO4-2 (acts as an acid)

Question 22

Are DNA molecules positive or negative

Answer 22

negative