2.1 - Cell Parts

Question 1

Organelle

Answer 1

a structure within a
cell with a specific function

Question 2

Cell Membrane (Animal Cells)

Answer 2

surrounds the cell and protects it.
Controls the movement of
substances into and out of the
cell.

Question 3

Cell Wall (Plants)

Answer 3

tough outer
layer that surrounds plant cells

Question 4

True or False? Organelles are also covered by
membranes

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Cytosol/cytoplasm

Answer 5

the fluid inside cells

Question 6

Nucleus

Answer 6

controls the cell’s
activities, contains DNA - which has instructions for
producing other materials

Question 7

Nuclear membrane/envelope

Answer 7

Surrounds the nucleus, Allows water and gases to
transport freely (other substances need help of a system transporter)

Question 8

Nucleolus

Answer 8

in the nucleus + makes ribosomes

Question 9

The nuclear envelope consists of:

Answer 9

2 lipid bilayers that are folded together

Question 10

The outer layer of the nuclear envelope is continuous with:

Answer 10

endoplasmic reticulum (er)

Question 11

Nuclear membrane proteins are embedded in a:

Answer 11

lipid bilayer

Question 12

Ribosomes

Answer 12

build proteins, may be free floating or
attached to ER

Question 13

How to ribosomes build proteins?

Answer 13

attach amino acids into chains

Question 14

Endomembrane system

Answer 14

a group of interacting
organelles between the nucleus and the cell membrane

Question 15

Main function of endomembrane system

Answer 15

destroy toxins and recycle wastes. make lipids, enzymes, and other
proteins for secretion and insertion into cell membranes

Question 16

Two parts of the endomembrane system

Answer 16

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 17

Functions of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 17

-makes lipids, steroids
-breaks down toxins
-releases calcium

Question 18

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 18

covered with ribosomes, stores
proteins for later transport

Question 19

How are substances made in the endoplasmic reticulum transported/stored?

Answer 19

with
VESICLES

Question 20

what are vesicles

Answer 20

small, membrane
bound containers

Question 21

Vacuoles (Plants)

Answer 21

large
membrane bound structures

Question 22

Golgi Body

Answer 22

processes,
packages and transports materials produced in
the cell (enter and leave in vesicles)

Question 23

Functions of Vacuoles (Plants)

Answer 23

-Acts as storage compartments

-Keeps cell firm by pushing
against cell walls

-Disposal site for harmful
chemicals

-May contain defensive
chemicals

Question 24

Vacuoles (Animals)

Answer 24

smaller transport sacs

Question 25

Lysosomes

Answer 25

contain enzymes that digest other molecules

Question 26

Lysosome Functions

Answer 26

-Fighting Diseases -Digestion -Recycling old cell parts -Killing the Cell

Question 27

Mitochondria

Answer 27

site of cellular respiration which produces energy (helps make ATP - energy molecule)

Question 28

Cristae

Answer 28

folds of inner membrane, increase surface area = more reactions

Question 29

Matrix

Answer 29

fluid in mitochondria where reactions occur

Question 30

Mitochondria provides cells with energy by:

Answer 30

breaking apart larger molecules

Question 31

Chloroplasts (plants)

Answer 31

photosynthetic organelles, uses sunlight energy to make sugars

Question 32

Why are chloroplasts green

Answer 32

From chlorophyll - helps capture sunlight energy

Question 33

Cytoskeleton

Answer 33

provides cell structure, helps with cell division, allows organelles to move

Question 34

Microtubule

Answer 34

support tube made of tubulin proteins (form scaffolding for support when needed)

Question 35

Microfilament - what is it and what is it made of

Answer 35

(threat) structure made of actin proteins

Question 36

Functions of microfilament

Answer 36

-Used in muscles for movement -Help strengthen cells

Question 37

Cilium and examples

Answer 37

microtubules used for movement/transporting substances (ex. cilia in lungs that move mucus, paramecium)

Question 38

Flagellum and example

Answer 38

long tail-like microtubules used for movement (ex. sperm cells)

Question 39

Pseudopods and example

Answer 39

limb like structures (ex. amoeba) Microtubules help cell change shape to move/engulf food