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biochemistry > 1.4 carbohydrates and lipids > Flashcards

1.4 carbohydrates and lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Are carbs large or small

A

large

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2
Q

what is a carbohydrade

A

organic molecule that consists of Carbon,
Hydrogen and Oxygen

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3
Q

function of carbs

A

many complex cellular functions

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4
Q

T or F? carbs are one of the most abundant
biological molecules on
earth

A

true

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5
Q

3 types of carbs

A

monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

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6
Q

what is a Monosaccharide

A

simplest
carbohydrate, consists of a
single sugar molecule

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7
Q

Monosaccharides commonly occur as
______________ carbon forms in
living organisms

A

3,5 and 6

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8
Q

Monosaccharides structure:

A

linear or often ring structures in water

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9
Q

T or F? simple sugars may form isomers

A

true

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10
Q

what is an Isomer

A

a molecule that has the same composition
but different arrangement of atoms (ex. a-glucose and b-glucose)

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11
Q

Different chemical arrangements can give
isomers very different functions. List an example.

A

Starches containing α-glucose are easily
digested by humans; cellulose, made up of
β-glucose, is indigestible

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12
Q

Functional group on sugars:

A

POLAR FUNCTIONAL
GROUPS (generally)

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13
Q

Solubility of monosaccharides and disaccharides

A

highly
soluble in water (as they are hydrophilic)

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14
Q

what is a Disaccharide

A

a simple carbohydrate molecule made
up of TWO monosaccharides

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15
Q

How are Monosaccharides joined? What are the resulting bonds called?

A

DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS. Glycosidic Bonds

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16
Q

Glycosidic Bond:

A

a bond between two
monosaccharides

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17
Q

Polysaccharide

A

molecule that
contains more than 2 linked
monosaccharides (Often contain hundreds to
thousands)

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18
Q

Polymerization:

A

the linking of smaller
subunits to create a larger molecule

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19
Q

Monomer

A

a single subunit

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20
Q

Polymer

A

a large molecule that is
formed when monomers link together

21
Q

Cellulose

A

a polymer of glucose, is the most
abundant organic molecule on earth and
provides structural support for plants

22
Q

Starch

A

helps store sugar in plants

23
Q

Glycogen

A

stores sugars in animals

24
Q

Chitin

A

a structural polysaccharide found in
insects and fungi

25
Q

Solubility of Polysaccharides

A

hydrophilic but are too
large to dissolve in water

26
Q

Functions of carbs

A

ENERGY SOURCE, polysaccharides are STRUCTURAL SUPPORT

27
Q

examples of Monosaccharides

A

Glucose,
Ribose

28
Q

Examples of Disaccharide

A

Sucrose,
Lactose,
Maltose

29
Q

Examples of Polysaccharide

A

Starch,
Cellulose,
Glycogen

30
Q

What is a lipid

A

a non-polar compound that is made
mostly of carbon and hydrogen

31
Q

Polarity of lipids

A

non-polar (hydrophobic)

32
Q

Functions of lipids

A

Forms cell membranes

Energy source

Hormones

Waterproofing

Insulation

Cushioning

33
Q

5 major types of lipids

A

faty acids, fats, phospholipid, steroid, wax

34
Q

Fatty Acid

A

a molecule that consists of a
carboxyl group and a hydrocarbon chain

35
Q

Fats

A

a combination of fatty
acids and glycerol molecules

36
Q

Triglyceride

A

a fat that contains
three fatty acids linked to a
glycerol molecule (via dehydration
synthesis)

37
Q

2 types of fats

A

saturated vs unsaturated fats

38
Q

Saturated Fats

A

lipids composed
of saturated fatty acids with
single bonds in their hydrocarbon
chain

39
Q

State of saturated fats. Are they healthy?

A

Solid at room temperature,
bad for your health

40
Q

Unsaturated Fats

A

– lipids
composed of unsaturated fatty
acids with double bonds in their
hydrocarbon chain

41
Q

State of unsaturated fats. Are they healthy?

A

Liquid at room temperature,
healthier fat

42
Q

Phospholipid

A

a lipid that contains
two fatty acids and a phosphate group
bound to a glycerol

43
Q

Phospholipid Bilayer

A

a double layered membrane
around cells/organelles formed by phospholipids

44
Q

Phosphate and glycerol head - Hydrophilic or phobic? (Phospholipid)

A

Hydrophilic

45
Q

TWO Fatty Acid Tails - Hydrophilic or phobic? (Phospholipid)

A

hydrophobic

46
Q

Steroid

A

a lipid that is composed of 4 carbon
rings

47
Q

Function of steroid

A

Used to make hormones and vitamins

48
Q

Wax

A

a lipid that is formed when long fatty
acid chains are joined to alcohols or carbon rings

49
Q

Function of wax

A

Form flexible, waterproof coatings on
plant/animal parts - build structures such as
honeycombs

biochemistry (9 decks)

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