Ch.30 Oesophagus

Question 1

Length of the adult oesophagus

Answer 1

125-200cm (49-78inches)

Question 2

The wall of the esophagus is composed of four layers: list in order of superficial to deep

a. tunica adventitia, tunica muscularis, tela submucosa, tunica mucosa

b. tunica muscularis, tunica adventitia, tela submucosa, tunica mucosa

c. tunica mucosa, tunica muscularis, tela submucosa, tunica adventitia

d.tunica adventitia, tela submucosa, tunica muscularis, tunica mucosa

Answer 2

a. tunica adventitia, tunica muscularis, tela submucosa, tunica mucosa

Question 3

Which section of the oesophagus is striated

a. Caudal oesophagus

b. Pharynx to base of heart

Answer 3

b. Striated from the pharynx to the base of the heart where they gradually blend into smooth muscle

Caudal oesophagus muscle layer thickens

2 bands of muscle surround the mucosa in long elliptical loops

At mid cervical oesophagus bands of muscle form intercrossing spirals

Caudal oesophagus outer muscle fibres become more longitudinally orientated

Question 4

Blood supply to cervical oesophagus

Answer 4

From carotid aa

Question 5

Blood supply to thoracic oesophagus

Answer 5

Bronchoesophageal aa
Gastric aa branch of celiac

poor collateral circulation

Question 6

Which statement is correct regarding the oesophagus

a. In the caudal portion of the esophagus the inner muscle fibers become more longitudinally oriented, while the outer muscle layer is thicker and more circular.

b. In the cranial portion of the esophagus the outer muscle fibers become more longitudinally oriented, while the inner muscle layer is thicker and more circular.

c. In the caudal portion of the esophagus the outer muscle fibers become more longitudinally oriented, while the inner muscle layer is thicker and more circular.

d. In the cranial portion of the esophagus the inner muscle fibers become more longitudinally oriented, while the outer muscle layer is thicker and more circular.

Answer 6

c. In the caudal portion of the esophagus, the outer muscle fibers become more longitudinally oriented, while the inner muscle layer is thicker

Question 7

What is the holding layer of the esophagus

Answer 7

the mucosa,

which traditionally has been believed to provide the greatest tensile strength on closure of an esophageal incision, is covered with stratified squamous epithelium and lies in longitudinal folds that obliterate the lumen except during deglutition.

Question 8

Which type of epithelium lines the mucosa of the esophagus

a. stratified
b. squamous
c. stratified squamous
d. cornified

Answer 8

the mucosa is covered in stratified squamous epithelium and lies in longitudinal folds that obliterate the lumen except during deglutition.

Question 9

Which statement is true regarding the esophagus

a. the vascular pattern is arcuate but segmental, without generous collateral circulation, necessitating careful preservation of vessels during surgery.

b. innervation of the esophagus is derived from the ninth and tenth cranial nerves and the parasympathetic trunk, as well as from mesenteric ganglion cells within the muscularis.

c. the abdominal portion of the esophagus accounts for 1/3 of its entire length.

d. in the caudal portion of the esophagus the inner muscle fibers become more longitudinally oriented, while the outer muscle layer is thicker and more circular.

Answer 9

a. the vascular pattern is arcuate but segmental, without generous collateral circulation, necessitating careful preservation of vessels during surgery.

innervation of the esophagus is derived from the ninth and tenth cranial nerves and the sympathetic trunk, as well as from mesenteric ganglion cells within the muscularis.

abdominal esophagus is short 3-5cm

In the caudal portion of the esophagus the outer muscle fibers become more longitudinally oriented, while the inner muscle layer is thicker and more circular.