Chapter 7: Mood Disorders and Suicide Flashcards
Major Depressive Disorder
characterised by at least one major depressive episode lasting at 6mo+, with no longer than 2mo without symptoms
often comorbid w/ GAD or PD
Specifiers
with psychotic features (mood congruent or incongruent)
with anxious distress
with mixed features
with melancholic features (somatic symptoms like weight loss or libido loss)
atypical features (overating, undersleeping)
catatonic features
peripartum onset
seasonal pattern
Seasonal Affective Disorder
episodes of seasonal based onset of depression for 2+ years w/o evidence of nonseasonal depressive episodes
Unipolar (Depression/Mania)
one pole/affect, usually depression
can be mania w/o depression
Bipolar Disorder I
characterised by a combination of mania and depression
Bipolar Disorder II
hypomania and full depression
Mania
characterised by high arousal, loose association, sleepiness, impulsivity, flight of thought, irritability (toward the end of an episode) lasting at least a week
Cyclothymia
chronic cycles of hypothymia and mild depression >=2 years
Dysthymia
chronic mild depression >2 years
more comorbid with other disorders
Double Depression
characterised by a major depressive episode on top of baseline PDD
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
characterised by the inability to regulate emotions in children, usually persistent irritability, and does not meet the mania criteria
3x a week, for at least 1y w/o a 3 month lapse
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
characterised by significant shift in mood toward depression at the last part of the menstrual cycle
Complicated Grief
characterised by someone whose feelings surrounding loss/grief are so severe and persistent that one cannot focus/function normally
more likely if the grieving persists for longer than 6mo-1y
Etiology of Mood Disorders
cognitive errors
lower than normal levels of serotonin
severe disorders are more likely to be inherited
endocrine system elevated levels of cortisol, and the hippocampus can’t turn off the response because of the decrease in neurogenesis, which makes it difficult to make new neurons
sleep disturbances can worsen symptoms
reciprocal gene-environment model
learned helplessness
martin Seligman’s depressed attributional style: internal, global, stable
Treatments for Mood Disorders
CBT
Psychodynamic Pscychotherapy
Interpersonal Psychotherapy
Adlerian Therapy
Integrationist approach
Acceptance and Commitment therapy
medications like antidepressants, tricyclics, MAOIs, and SSRIs
SNRIs work too
transcranial magnetic stimulation
esketamine/ketamine
psychadelics
modified ECTs
deep brain stimulation
gut bacteria regulation
