Chapter 11: Substance Abuse and Impulse Control Disorders

Question 1

Substance

Answer 1

any chemical compound that is ingested to alter mood or behaviour

Question 2

Psychoactive

Answer 2

a substance that leads to intoxication or being high; can become addicted to it

Question 3

Use vs Abuse Vs Dependence/Addiction

Answer 3

use - no distress
abuse - impairment/distress but not needed for everyday life
addiction - needed for day to day functioning

Question 4

Types of Dependence (2)

Answer 4

• physiological
• psychological

Question 5

Physiological Dependence

Answer 5

tolerance and withdrawal

Question 6

Psychological Dependence

Answer 6

drug seeking behaviour

Question 7

Integrative Model (3)

Answer 7

1. introduction (social and cultural expectations)
2. drug use (psych influence, reinforcement)
3. psychosocial stressors
4. abuse, then addiction

Question 8

Depressants

Answer 8

cause sedation, decreased arousal, and depress the nervous system

Question 9

Depressants (Examples)

Answer 9

Benzos
Xanax
Barbituates
Valium

Question 10

Stimulants

Answer 10

increase alertness and stimulate the nervous system

Question 11

Stimulants (Examples)

Answer 11

Amphetamines
Cocaine
Nicotine

Question 12

Amphetamines

Answer 12

produce elation and vigour, then fatigue and depression; they stimulate the CNS by increasing the release of norepinephrine and dopamine, and the reuptake is inhibited

Question 13

Cocaine

Answer 13

has a different flow of withdraw, as the psych addiction persists after the physical symptoms go away

Question 14

Opiates

Answer 14

analgesia (pain reducer)
feelings of euphoria/wellbeing

Question 15

Opiates (Examples)

Answer 15

Heroin
Opioids
Codeine
Morphine

Question 16

Hallucinogens

Answer 16

alter sensory perception

Question 17

Hallucinogen (Examples)

Answer 17

Magic Mushrooms
Ketamine
Peyote
Marajuana
LSD

Question 18

Marajuana

Answer 18

earlier risk of cannabis = increased risk of psychosis
can impair driving skills

Question 19

Others

Answer 19

variety of affects offered

Question 20

Others (Examples)

Answer 20

steroids
inhalants
dissociative anesthetics

Question 21

Substance Related Disorders (2-6+)

Answer 21

characterised by:
- increasingly larger amounts of a substance
- persistent desire to cut down unsuccessfully
- persistent cravings
- lots of time on actions related to using or recovering
- social/interpersonal problems
- use when it is hazardous

Question 22

Withdrawal Effects

Answer 22

• Nausea/vomiting
• transient hallucination
• anxiety/agitation
• insomnia
• DT (delirium tremens/detox tremors)

Question 23

The Pickle Hypothesis

Answer 23

once tolerance rises to a certain point, it stops going back down

Question 24

Etiology for Substance Abuse Disorders

Answer 24

• psychosocial stressors
• cultural expectations
• exposure
• psych influence
• generalised bio vulnerability
• reciprocal gene-environment model plays a role

Question 25

Treatment for Substance Abuse Disorders

Answer 25

• agonists like methadone and suboxone to stop the withdrawal symptoms)
• antagonists
• aversive treatments (antabuse)
• psych treatments (12-step programmes)

Question 26

Impulse Control Disorders (3)

Answer 26

Intermittent Explosive Disorder
Kleptomania
Pyromania
MUST HAVE AN ADULT DIAGNOSIS

Question 27

Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Answer 27

characterised by an inability to control frequent bouts of anger

Question 28

Kleptomania

Answer 28

characterised by a high gotten from stealing, related to doing something they aren’t supposed to do

Question 29

Pyromania

Answer 29

characterised by a high gotten from lighting things on fire, and the impulse has become unmanageable/uncontrollable