diagnostic methods practical

Question 1

list of diagnostic methods of infectious diseases

Answer 1

1. epizootiological methods
2. clinical methods
3. microbiological methods
4. molecular methods
5. immunological methods
6. pathoanatomical methods
7. experimental infection
8. therapeutic methods
   go in that order!

Question 2

subjective diagnostic methods

Answer 2

1. epizootiological methods
2. clinical methods
3. pathanatomical methods
4. therapeutic methods

Question 3

objective diagnostic methods

Answer 3

3. microbiological methods
4. molecular methods
5. immunological methods
6. pathanatomical methods
7. experimental infection

Question 4

when to suspect infectious disease?

Answer 4

on same yard, farm, herd etc, 2 or more cases of disease occur with the same/similar clinical signs or when sudden death of animals occur for no apparent reason

Question 5

epizootiological method

Answer 5

the history from owner and WOAH
goal is to narrow down list of possible infectious diseases

Question 6

medical history

Answer 6

first allow owner to describe case in their own way, without interrupting
then ask additional questions

Question 7

4 groups of questions to ask

Answer 7

1. questions about the beginning, observed symptoms and the outcome of disease
2. questions about management, feeding and origin of animal
3. questions about previous treatments and vaccination of the animals
4. questions about epizootiological situation in specific and general meaning

Question 8

questions about beginning, observed symptoms and outcome of disease

Answer 8

when did they first notice the symptoms
what were first symptoms
progression of signs
how many animals affected
were the signs the same in all animals
what was outcome of disease
how many died/euthanised
how long clinical manifestation lasted before death

Question 9

questions about management, feeding and origin

Answer 9

farm management
biosecurity system (visitors, rodents and insect control, wild life etc)
species and number of animals in cohabitation
origin, quantity, quality and preparation of food and water
how animal is used and exploited
origin of animal

Question 10

questions about previous treatments and vaccinations

Answer 10

has animal been treated already
what drugs were used
drug dosages and duration of treatment
who treated the animal
origin of the drugs
what vaccinations has animal had - who and when
which vaccine as used - type, control number and expiration date
was it used in accordance with manufacturer recommendations
origin of vaccine

Question 11

questions about local and general epizootiological situation

Answer 11

local - does owner have other sick animals of same or other species, were there other diseases or mortalities on farm with similar signs, which illnesses (non-infectious, parasites) had appeared on same farm before
general - occurrence of similar disease in neighbouring farms or the same area

Question 12

clinical methods

Answer 12

1 distinguish if disease is infectious or not
2. classification of infectious disease in to specific group (acute or chronic and their subgroups)
3. to recognise specific disease within the subgroup

Question 13

general symptoms of acute infectious disease

Answer 13

fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, fatigues, weakness, loss of appetite, swollen lymph nodes, hyperaemia and swelling of mm

Question 14

general symptoms of chronic infectious disease include

Answer 14

mild clinical presentation
loss of appetite, progressive weight loss, general weakness, anemia, maybe slight increase in temp etc,
later = organ manifestations, depending on localisation of disease process

Question 15

classification of disease according to

Answer 15

causative agent
pathogenesis and clinical presentation

Question 16

limitation of clinical methods

Answer 16

clinical phase of acute infectious diseases are
1. incubation period
2. prodromal period
3. acute period
4. convalescence period