intro to epizootiology

Question 1

what is epizootiology

Answer 1

science that studies origin, distribution, frequency, development and extinction of diseases

Question 2

methods in epizootiology

Answer 2

descriptive method
historical comparative method
analytical/statistical method
experimental method
sociological method
theoretical method

Question 3

2 most important methods

Answer 3

descriptive and analytical

Question 4

describe descriptive epizootiology

Answer 4

examining the distribution of disease in a population and observing the basic features of its distribution - who, when, where, why

Question 5

describe analytical epizootiology

Answer 5

testing a hypothesis about the cause of the disease by studying how exposure relate to the disease

Question 6

what is morbidity rate

Answer 6

ration between number of sick individuals through some defined period and number of total endangered population

Question 7

mortality rate

Answer 7

the number of deaths in the population during a given time or place
the proportion of deaths to total population

Question 8

lethality rate

Answer 8

number of deaths in sick population during a given time or place

Question 9

incidence

Answer 9

rate of occurrence of disease that develop in a population at a given period of time

Question 10

prevalence

Answer 10

number of cases of disease that are present in particular population at a given time

Question 11

what do you need for infection to occur

Answer 11

a pathogenic microorganism
a susceptible microorganism
an opportunity to contact each other with penetration and multiplication of microorganism in the host

Question 12

5 epizootiological factors

Answer 12

virulence and infectious dose
source of infection
modes of transmission
portal of entry
susceptibility

Question 13

epidemic

Answer 13

an outbreak of animal disease, temporarily prevalent and widespread among animal population
eg lumpy skin disease

Question 14

endemic

Answer 14

prevailing among or afflicting animals in a particular locality at any time without tendency of spread widely
ef anthrax, leptospirosis

Question 15

pandemic

Answer 15

relating to a disease that occurs in a widespread outbreak among a large number of animals, usually affecting more than one species
eg influenza, covid

Question 16

sporadic disease

Answer 16

occurring occasionally, singly or in irregular or random
eg tetanus, rabies

Question 17

emerging disease

Answer 17

an infectious disease whose incidence has increased in the past 20 years and could increase in the near future

Question 18

re emerging disease

Answer 18

those in which an increase in frequency is a result of change of pathogenic virulence and pathways of causative agents or occurrence of a new clinical form of disease
eg salmonellosis, tuberculosis, leptospirosis

Question 19

lingering disease

Answer 19

lasting for a long time and slow to end
some are re emerging in new areas - brucellosis etc

Question 20

diseases of natural focus

Answer 20

diseases that have multiple factors that contribute to survival of their causative agent through time like reservoirs, vectors, climate or soil conditions, ecological niches
eg leptospirosis, q-fever