classification of infectious diseases

Question 1

infection

Answer 1

successful colonisation of a host by a microorganism

Question 2

etiological classification

Answer 2

by presumed cause
more useful for objective diagnostic and prevention
eg bacteria, prions, mycoplasma, virus, fungi

Question 3

clinical classification

Answer 3

signs/symptoms linked by common pathology
more useful for treatment and management

Question 4

herpes virus infections

Answer 4

acute infectious diseases with resp signs, neuro signs and abortion
characteristic = latent infection - lack of demonstrable infectious virus between episodes of recurrent disease

Question 5

retroviral infection

Answer 5

persistent viral infection
Ab detection - indication of infection
prone to mutations

Question 6

classification based on modes of transmission

Answer 6

contagious or non contagious
soil related - tetanus, botulism, anthrax
food borne
vector borne
airborne

Question 7

contagious transmission

Answer 7

direct or indirect

Question 8

non contagious diseases

Answer 8

toxins - tetanus, botulism
vector borne diseases - WN, blue tongue
prionic diseases

Question 9

peracute disease duration

Answer 9

few hours to 1 day

Question 10

acute disease duration

Answer 10

1-7 days

Question 11

subacute disease duration

Answer 11

1-3 weeks

Question 12

chronic disease duration

Answer 12

more than 3 weeks

Question 13

clinical stages of acute infectious disease

Answer 13

incubation - generalisation - organ specific manifestation

Question 14

incubation period

Answer 14

period between exposure and onset of clinal symptoms
phase during which the pathogen begins active replication without producing recognisable symptoms in the host

Question 15

generalisation period

Answer 15

changes in bodys vitals - temp, HR, RR
fatigue and general weakness
hyperaemia and mucosal hemorrhage
swollen and pain full lymph nodes
loss of appetite
obstipation

Question 16

organ specific manifestation

Answer 16

the specific symptoms and their localisations in the period of illness provide diagnostic information

Question 17

prodromal period

Answer 17

manifestation of the first non specific symptoms of the disease, characteristic of the general intoxication of the microorganism

Question 18

clinal manifestation stages

Answer 18

prodromal
stadium incrementi - increase in clinical manifestation
stadium fastigii - maximum severity of clinical manifestations
stadium decrementi - attenuation of clinical signs
convalescence - period of complete recovery

Question 19

clinical manifestation of chronic infectious disease

Answer 19

long and slow development of signs
cachexia
weakness, anemia
period changes in vitals
organ specific localisation depends on localisation of process
granuloma - primary (portal of entry) and secondary (metastasis)

Question 20

classification of infectious diseases

Answer 20

etiology
duration
duration and symptoms of disease
clinical manifestation of infectious diseases according to organ systems

Question 21

acute infectious diseases

Answer 21

septicaemia
exanthematous diseases
localised infectious diseases
malignant edema and enterotoxemia - clostrial disease
CNS diseases

Question 22

chronic infectious diseases

Answer 22

specific inflammation - TB, glanders, actinomycosis
non-specific inflammation - Brucellosis
mycoses - dermatomycoses
mycotoxicoses
tumours - enzootic bovien leukosis, bovien papillomatosis

Question 23

emerging infectious diseases

Answer 23

those whose incidence has increased within the past 2 decades or threatens to increase in the near future

Question 24

emergence can be due to

Answer 24

spread of a new agent
recognition of an infection that has been present in the population but has gone undetected
to the realisation that an established disease has an infectious origin

Question 25

reemerging infectious disease

Answer 25

reappearance or re emergence of a known infection after a decline in incidence
an increase in frequency is a result of change of pathogenic virulence and pathways pf causative agents or occurrence of a new clinical form of disease

Question 26

clinical syndrome of acute infectious diseases

Answer 26

sepsis - systemic illness caused by microbial invasion of normally sterile parts of the body
rapid development of disease and death

Question 27

exanthematous diseases

Answer 27

epitheliotropic viruses
changes on skin and mucosa
general infectious syndrome
catarrhal syndrome
epithelial cells of internal organs - resp or GI
secondary bacterial infections
low mortality

Question 28

generalised infectious diseases with organ specific manifestation

Answer 28

weak general infection with a strong local infection
eg contagious agalactia in goats

Question 29

localised infectious diseases

Answer 29

infectious keratoconjunctivitis
strangles

Question 30

infectious diseases of CNS

Answer 30

usually acute (rabies) or peracute (aujeskys)
categorised separately due to public health importance
signs are usually consequence of septicaemia in some generalised infectious diseases - anthrax, listeriosis, classical swine fever
meningoencephalitis - non purulent = viral
purulent = bacterial

Question 31

clostridial diseases

Answer 31

malignant edema and enterotoxemia
peracute
local myositis

Question 32

multifactorial diseases

Answer 32

erysipelas
bovine enzootic bronchopneumonia
enzootic pneumonia of calves

Question 33

acute infectious disease - pathological findings

Answer 33

moderate malnutrition
exudates in body cavities
hyperaemic and inflamed mucosa
submucosal, subcutaneous and cutaneous haemorrhage
swollen and inflamed lymph nodes
enlarged and inflamed parenchymal organs