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RELIGION 1001 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is Muhammad

A

the 7th century restores TRUE islam

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2
Q

what idea does islam reject

A

polytheism and Trinity

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3
Q

what number is islam in religions in the world

A

2nd largest

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4
Q

what type of religion is islam

A

missionary/ proselytizing

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5
Q

what does islam mean/ key of righteousness

A

surrendering/ submitting to God

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6
Q

what is the relationship between the words God and Allah

A

interchangeable

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7
Q

what is Allah’s origin and what does it mean

A

Arabic and God

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8
Q

the sacred text/ scripture of Islam

A

Qur’ an/ Koran

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9
Q

Muhammad ibn Abdullah lifespan

A

ca. 570- 632

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10
Q

who raised Muhammad

A

uncle Abu Talib- never converted

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11
Q

what were three aspects of monotheism Muhammad taught

A

faith, morality, compassion

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12
Q

muhammad taught what about materialism

A

condemned the worship of wealth and misuse of wealth

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13
Q

critical tribal kinship

A

people adhered to tribal/ etnic kinship that was more important than broader human ties

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14
Q

Khadijah

A

first wife of muhammad- helped him understand he was a prophet- while she lived, she was only wife

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15
Q

Aisha

A

muhammad’s second wife- source of details and early life of Muhammad and islamic community

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16
Q

Ali

A

Muhammad’s cousin/ brother- first convert- leader of community- married daughter of muhammad- rise of shiites

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17
Q

Fatimah

A

daughter of muhammad/ wife of Ali

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18
Q

Abu Baker

A

first convert to islam- associate/ companion of prophet- succeeded Muhammad as caliph (not prophet) of Muslim

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19
Q

Mecca

A

where muhammad grew up- home of the kaba holiest city of islam

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20
Q

Medina

A

city to which muhammad and followers emigrate and establish first muslim government

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21
Q

Jerusalem

A

sacred city- 3rd behind Mecca and Medina- where muhammad miraculously was transported then taken to Heaven

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22
Q

610

A

muhammad received revelations from God through angel Gabriel in a cave around <ecca- becomes challenging situation for him- Khadijah helped him understand God was calling him to be prophet

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23
Q

613

A

Muhammad starts public proclamation about faith (pure monotheism)- encounters deep opposition from community

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24
Q

615

A

group of muslims migrated to Ethiopia (Christian empire)

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25
Q

the qur’an has…

A

5 pillars of religious duty and five central doctrines

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26
Q

meaning of word qur’an

A

lecture or recitation (Muhammad is reciting word of God)

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27
Q

what is the strong emphasis on the Qur’an

A

the literal word of God in Islamic Region

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28
Q

size of Qur’an

A

size of Christian’s New Testament

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29
Q

how many Surah (chapters)

A

114- ordered largest chapter to shortest (except first chapter)

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30
Q

how should the Qur’an be taught

A

by hearing it being read- committing to memory is highly honorable

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31
Q

what about the scriptures God revelead before Koran?

A

they have been corrupted by people

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32
Q

does the koran contradict original revelations of early scripture of Judaism/ Christianity

A

no

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33
Q

who God revealed scripture to- all religions

A

Torah- Moses/ Psalms- David/ Gospels- Jesus/ Qur’an- Muhammad (perfect Word of God)

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34
Q

What is the signature language

A

Arabic- Koran has interpretations not translations

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35
Q

heavenly Koran

A

always existed as an attribute of God

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36
Q

5 pillars of religious duty/ acts of worship

A

Shahada, Salat, Sawm, Zakat, Hajj

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37
Q

5 central doctrines of islam

A

tawid, belief in angels, belie in prophets and scriptures, belief in final judgment, belief in divine decree and predestination

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38
Q

Shahada

A

Muslim creed/ profession of faith- must make declaration of faith in front of 2 muslims to be a muslim- Iman

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39
Q

Central Declaration of the faith

A

“There is no God but God and Muhammad is His Messenger”

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40
Q

Salat (Ritual Prayer)

A

must engage in ritual prayer 5 times in one day- public prayer on Friday- pray in direction of Mecca

41
Q

Sawm (Ramadan Fast)

A

fasting during month of Ramadan (when Muhammad received first revelation)- must refrain from eating, drinking, and sexual activity from sunrise to sunset- bring into communion with God

42
Q

Zakat (Almsgiving)

A

giving of gifts to poor and needy- spiritually purging fro selfishness and greed

43
Q

Hajj (Pilgrimage)

A

sacred pilgrimage to Mecca- everyone must make a sacred journey to mecca once in their lifetime

44
Q

what happens if one does pilgrimage with sincerity

A

they are cleansed from sins

45
Q

what does Hajj refer to

A

those who make the sacred pilgrimage

46
Q

Jihad

A

spiritual striving/ striving for faith

47
Q

2 forms of jihad

A

greater jihad and lesser jihad

48
Q

greater jihad

A

master oneself

49
Q

lesser jihad

A

physically fighting for faith- engaging in holy war

50
Q

Tawhid (faith in God’s oneness and unity

A

intellect and commitment- reject of polytheism and Trinity

51
Q

belief in angels

A

angels- messengers of God/ demons- bad angels under the ledership of Satan (Ibis in Arabic)/ Jinn- spiritual beings with limited life span, good and evil

52
Q

belief in prohpets and scriptures

A

25 known prophets- Christian and Jewish (Adam, Noah, Moses, Jesus…) 3 Arabian (Hud, Suy’ ayb, and Salih)

53
Q

who was the last prophet

A

Muhammad

54
Q

relationship between messengers and prophets

A

all messengers are prophets, but not all prophets are messengers

55
Q

Belief in final judgement

A

God will assemble humanity and judge between those who are righteous/ unrighteous

56
Q

Heaven and Hell are represented more as

A

Garden of eden and being roasted

57
Q

Belief in Divine Decree and Predestination

A

decree of God’s foreordination

58
Q

what do Shiites emphasize

A

free will

59
Q

Ummayad Dynasty

A

claimed ot be original Muslim dynasty

60
Q

what does sunni mean

A

tradition

61
Q

what percent of muslums are shiah

A

16%

62
Q

what does shiah mean

A

the party, the sect, or following

63
Q

what do shiah do

A

see themselves as loyal to family of prophet Muhammad and follow Ali- Ali’s decedents are valid leaders

64
Q

what seperates sunnis and shiites

A

the doctorine of imam

65
Q

what is shariah

A

religious law

66
Q

5 categories of conduct in Islamic Law

A

required, encouraged, neutral, discouraged, forbiddden

67
Q

required category of conduct

A

must be performed (Pilgrimmage to Mecca)

68
Q

encouraged category of conduct

A

not required but good and noble (assisting someone to pilgrimmage to mecca)

69
Q

neutral category of conduct

A

no particular spiritual or moral significance (fishing on a saturday)

70
Q

discouraged category of conduct

A

undesirable act that is not best to imitate (divorce)

71
Q

forbidden

A

absolutly wrong (murder)

72
Q

4 foundation sources for religious law to determine if an action is in category of conduct

A

qur’an, Sunnah (tradition), Qiyas (comparisons), Ijma (consensus of communtiy of scholars)

73
Q

status on women and girls

A

condemned killing of infant girls

74
Q

response to muhammad’s message

A

heavily persecuted- strong between lower class and enslaved

75
Q

619

A

Muhammad loses wife and adoptive father

76
Q

620

A

muhammad negotiates with people of Medina

77
Q

621

A

makes night journey from mecca to Jerusalem and form Jerusalem he is taken to Heaven

78
Q

622

A

first year on islamic calendar- year of hijra (mecca- medina) and medina become islamic community

79
Q

628

A

muhammad consolidates power in medina

80
Q

629

A

some who migrated to ethiopia return

81
Q

630

A

muhammad takes ethiopia with little resistance

82
Q

632

A

muhammad dies unexpectedly

83
Q

who was chosen as the caliph after muhammad

A

abu bakr

84
Q

first righteous caliph

A

abu bakr- follower/ companion- 632

85
Q

2nd caliph

A

umar

86
Q

3rd caliph

A

uthman- qur’an is textually finalized

87
Q

4th caliph

A

ali- died 661

88
Q

caliphate

A

dynasty- series of rulers from family governing after another

89
Q

last great muslim empire

A

ottoman turks- 1412-1918

90
Q

the kharijites

A

“even a slave could be a caliph” - free will- morality

91
Q

the murjites

A

delayed judgment- only God knows- only God judges- predestination

92
Q

shi;ites believe what about the imams

A

supernaturally guided by God

93
Q

3 principle groups of shi’ites

A

zaydites, seveners, twelvers

94
Q

mutazilities

A

early muslim thinkers who challenged way of thinking Islams- philosophical thought-

95
Q

principles that mutazilities emphasized

A

oneness of God, justice of God, use of reason to interpret qur’an, rejected anthropemorphisms (human characteristics given to God)

96
Q

2 orthodox muslim in favor of traditional doctrines

A

gazali and baghdadi

97
Q

sufi

A

islamic mystics (rabia and al-hasan

98
Q

sikhism

A
99
Q

sikhism

A

RELIGION 1001 (4 decks)

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