Anatomy of LL

Question 1

Why does the sacrum tilt slightly forward

Answer 1

Line of gravity. We have a lot of ligaments to prevent this

Question 2

What is symphysis e.g. pubic symphsis

Answer 2

Cartilaginous joint

Question 3

Where is the sacroilliac joint

Answer 3

Picture

Question 4

What kind of joint is the hip

Answer 4

Ball & socket

Question 5

Where is the acetabulum

Answer 5

Between head of femur and illium

Question 6

What is the main purpose of ligamentum teres

Answer 6

To supply the blood vessels (artery) in the head of the femur

Question 7

What’t the thicker lower limb bone (tibia or fibula)

Answer 7

Tibia

Question 8

What is a condyloid joint

Answer 8

Biaxial joint where one range of movement is greater than the other e.g. the knee

Question 9

Where are the meniscii

Answer 9

Between the tibia & femur

Question 10

What is the purpose of the menisci

Answer 10

Shock absorption, improved fit, lubrication, prevention of arthritis

Question 11

What are the cruiciates

Answer 11

Crossing ligaments in the knee (crossing from anterior to posterior and vice versa). Join femur & tibia

Question 12

What is PCL & ACL

Answer 12

PCL = posterior cruciate ligament, provides anterior slide of femur on tibia

ACL = anterior cruciate ligament, prevents hyperextension

Question 13

What movement does the lateral collateral ligament prevent

Answer 13

Adduction

Question 14

What movement does the medial collateral ligament prevent

Answer 14

Abduction

Question 15

What joint allows in/eversion

Answer 15

Subtalar joint (talus, calcaneus, navicular all working together)

Question 16

Where is the iliopsoas muscle & what movements

Answer 16

Picture, flexion at hip

Question 17

Label thigh compartments on MRI

Answer 17

Lab notes

Question 18

What are bi-articular muscles

Answer 18

Muscles that can produce movement at 2 joints (hip & knee). Quads and hamstrings. If you use both at once they’re usually doing the opposite

Question 19

What muscle is right next to the tibia

Answer 19

Tibialis anterior

Question 20

What actions can the tibia do

Answer 20

Dorsiflexion & inversion

Question 21

What are the actions at the calcaneous

Answer 21

Plantarflexion

Question 22

What’s between the tibia & fibula

Answer 22

Interosseous membrane

Question 23

Label compartments of the leg

Answer 23

Lab notes

Question 24

What nerve is in the anterior compartment of the thigh & what are it’s movements

Answer 24

Femoral nerve
Hip flexion & knee extensino

Question 25

What is the femoral nerve vulnerable to

Answer 25

Post hip surgery, under inguinal ligament

Question 26

What is the obturator nerve vulnerable to

Answer 26

Abdominal surgery

Question 27

What nerve is in the medial thigh compartment & what are it’s movements

Answer 27

Obturator, adduction

Question 28

What is the sciatic nerve

Answer 28

Big nerve in posterior compartment of thigh

Question 29

What are sciatic nerve’s vulnerabilities

Answer 29

Piriformis, can sometimes run through the muscle

Question 30

What are the sciatic nerves movements

Answer 30

Hip extension and knee flexion

Question 31

What does the sciatic nerve divide into

Answer 31

Common peroneal (superficial & deep) & tibial

Question 32

What are the tibial nerves movements

Answer 32

Plantarflexion, foot inversion, toe flexion

Question 33

What are the movements of the common peroneal nerve

Answer 33

Dorsiflexion, foot inversion, toe extension

Question 34

What is the first artery of LL

Answer 34

Abdominal aorta

Question 35

What artery is in the pelvis

Answer 35

External illiac

Question 36

What artery is in the thigh

Answer 36

Femoral

Question 37

What artery is in the knee

Answer 37

Popliteal

Question 38

What artery is in the foot

Answer 38

Dorsalis pedis

Question 39

Is it had to tourniquet the femoral artery

Answer 39

Yes

Question 40

What vein is in the foot

Answer 40

Dorsal venous

Question 41

What is the main function of the superficial veins

Answer 41

Thermoregulation