psych test ch 14 & 15 Flashcards
The prevalence estimates of both schizophrenia and bipolar disorders are roughly comparable across diverse cultures. This finding lends support to
the pancultural view of psychological disorder
A court declares that because of a mental illness, an individual is not responsible for his criminal actions. The individual is
insane
Wendy works at Opydyne Corporation. At the last business executive meeting she showed up in pajamas and slippers. When her coworkers commented on the inappropriateness of her outfit, Wendy did not seem the least bit disturbed or embarrassed by their comments. In this example, Wendy’s style of dressing would most likely be considered
culturally deviant
The idea that you can’t be profoundly relaxed and fearful at the same time is basic to
systematic desensitization
The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia suggests that schizophrenia may be caused, in part, by
disruptions in the normal maturational process of the brain before or at birth
Jose has a psychological disorder, and his doctor has prescribed a drug that affects both the levels of norepinephrine and serotonin in Jose’s nervous system. Based on this information, it is most likely that Jose is being treated for
depression
Taken as a whole, the results from studies investigating mental illness among the homeless indicate that, compared to the non-homeless, homeless persons are
more likely to suffer from mental health problems
Hiding information or things from your therapist can be evidence for
resistance to therapy
Behavior therapies appear to be particularly effective in the treatment of
phobias
Which of the following was not a problem with state mental hospitals in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s?
the hospital was overstaffed
Erick is impulsive and unpredictable. His moods seem to be constantly changing and all his interpersonal relationships seem to be very unstable. If Erick has a personality disorder, his symptoms are most consistent with those associated with disorders in
the dramatic/impulsive cluster
A two-category scheme for classification of schizophrenia has been suggested as an alternative to the older four categories. These two categories are based on
predominance of positive or negative symptoms
Jack thinks constantly about dirt and germs. He washes his hands hundreds of times a day. Jack is most likely suffering from
obsessive-compulsive disorder
Which of the following therapies are mainly intended to eliminate symptoms rather than alter personality?
behavior and drug therapies
Tony believes that he is Thomas Edison, and he is convinced that his neighbors are spies who are trying to steal his inventions. He believes the neighbors break into his house and search for plans for new inventions when he is not home. Tony’s symptoms are most consistent with those seen in
paranoid schizophrenia
In free association
clients spontaneously express their thoughts and feelings exactly as they occur
The side effect associated with taking traditional antipsychotic drugs, that is characterized by chronic tremors and involuntary spastic movements, is
tardive dyskinesia
Which of the following statements is true?
Many people who need therapy don’t receive it.
The risks of ECT
may include both short- and long-term intellectual impairment
With regard to psychological disorders, spontaneous remission refers to a
recovery from a disorder that occurs without formal treatment
Griffin didn’t have time to study for his philosophy midterm so he called the professor and claimed he had strep throat, even though he was not really ill. He was hoping that the professor would allow him to write the midterm one day later. In this case, Griffin’s “faked” illness could be considered
malingering
Of the following, which is the most accurate statement regarding eating disorders?
Anorexia nervosa is a more life-threatening condition than bulimia nervosa.
Epidemiology is the study of
the distribution of mental or physical disorders in a population
Which of the following therapies would be most likely to employ aversive conditioning?
behavior therapy
According to the evolutionary view of mental disorders, a dysfunction occurs when
an evolved psychological mechanism does not perform its naturally selected function adequately or effectively
Antipsychotic drugs
gradually reduce psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions
Sophie takes over 40 different vitamins and herbal remedies each day to keep herself in top physical health. Recently she had some severe dizziness, but her family doctor assured her that it was just a minor ear infection that would clear up in a few days. Sophie is concerned because she is sure the ear infection is the sign of something much more serious, such as a brain tumor, and she has made appointments with three different specialists to have more testing done. In this case, Sophie’s symptoms are most consistent with
hypochondriasis
Charlene is talking with her father, and she confesses that she lied about where she had been on the weekend. Her father tells Charlene that he loves her, but that he doesn’t approve of her lying. According to Carl Rogers, Charlene’s father is displaying the quality of
unconditional positive regard
A major drug used to reduce the symptoms of schizophrenia is
Thorazine
After several weeks of feeling gloomy and being socially withdrawn, Marco has suddenly become extremely sociable and talkative. He doesn’t seem to need any sleep, and he becomes irritated when his friends tell him to slow down. Marco’s behavior is consistent with
bipolar disorder
A physical ailment that results from psychological factors without any accompanying physical basis is referred to as
a somatoform disorder
The subtype of schizophrenia marked by delusions of persecution and grandeur is
paraniod
An unwanted thought that repeatedly intrudes upon an individual’s consciousness is called
an obsession
Inflated self-esteem, distractibility, heightened emotionality, and grandiose planning are all symptoms associated with
bipolar disorder
Killian lets her husband keep all the financial records for the family, and she expects him to make all the decisions that affect the family. She refuses to make any decisions on her own, and if anything unexpected occurs she calls her husband at work to ask for his advice. If Killian has a personality disorder, her symptoms are most consistent with those associated with disorders in
the anxious/fearful cluster
Thorazine is classed as
an antipsychotic drug
Researchers have found that in schizophrenic patients, as compared to normal control subjects, the thalamus is:
smaller, and shows less metabolic activity
If you feel that your therapy isn’t progressing, you should
first consider the possibility of your own resistance to therapy
Which of the following neurotransmitters has been implicated in mood disorders?
seritonin
The two most common problems among those who seek psychotherapy are
anxiety and depression
Of the following, which is not a closely related pair of terms?
biomedical therapy and aversion therapy
Therapy that involves pairing a stimulus that leads to an undesirable behavior with an unconditioned stimulus that is unpleasant is
aversion therapy
Behavior that does not coincide with cultural norms may be considered to be
deviant
In direct comparisons of the effectiveness of behavior therapy and insight therapy
the differences are usually small, but tend to favor behavior therapy
DSM-IV uses five “axes” to describe a person’s problem. The actual diagnosis of a disorder is made on
Axis I and II
You are watching a television documentary that shows a patient who is undergoing electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). If this documentary is depicting psychotherapy in the 1990s, you should conclude that
the patient is being treated for severe depression that has not responded to medication
Suggestions for improving mental health services for American minority groups have included all of the following except
the provision of free therapeutic services for all ethnic clients