Anxiety and related disorders

Question 1

define anxiety and some bodily symptoms

Answer 1

• mood state characterized by negative affect, muscle tension, and physical arousal
• person anticipates future gander or misfortune
• increased heart rate, muscle tension, sense of unease, apprehension abt the future

Question 2

What are the ‘triple vulnerabilities’?

Answer 2

• anxiety and closely related disorders emerge from it, increase risk for developing a disorder
• combo of: biological, psychological, and specific vulnerabilities

Question 3

Define biological vulnerabilities

Answer 3

• specific, genetic and neurobiological
• may predispose development of anxiety disorder
• no single gene is responsible, but they make you more susceptible and influence how brains react to stress

Question 4

define psychological vulnerabilities

Answer 4

• influence early experiences have on how we see the world
• trauma = seeing the world in a different light

Question 5

define specific vulnerabilities

Answer 5

• how experience lead us to focus and channel anxiety

Question 6

what is the DSM-5 and what does it stand for

Answer 6

• Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
• handbook used by professionals to guide diagnosis of mental disorders

Question 7

symptoms of GAD

Answer 7

• fatigue
• agitation or restlessness
• irritability
• muscle tension
• difficulties w sleep
• difficulty concentrating
  diagnosis=on going for at least 6 months

Question 8

How does operant conditioning tie into GAD?

Answer 8

• when catastrophic events don’t materialize, the act of worrying is reinforced
• the response is strengthened

Question 9

What is PD?

Answer 9

• panic disorder
• regular, strong panic attacks including significant levels of worry about future attacks
• need both attack and to fear the next attack for one month

Question 10

define internal bodily/somatic cues

Answer 10

• Physical sensations that serve as triggers for anxiety or as reminders of past traumatic events.

Question 11

define interoceptive avoidance

Answer 11

avoiding situations/activities that produce physical sensations similar to those produced during a panic attack

Question 12

what type of anxiety disorder often accompanies panic disorder but is separate in the DSM-5? define it.

Answer 12

• agoraphobia
• type of anxiety disorder distinguished by feelings that a place is uncomfortable/unsafe bc it is open/crowded

Question 13

what are the four major subtypes of specific phobia?

Answer 13

• blood-injury-injection (BII)
• situational
• natural environment
• animal
• others

Question 14

T or F: All phobias give people basically the same symptoms.

Answer 14

F: ppl w BII get a drop in heart rate and blood pressure, whereas any other phobia gets an increase (reactions in sympathetic nervous system)
- BII runs in families

Question 15

What is the social situation category that gets its own diagnosis of SAD if it is stand alone:
- assertiveness
- performance
- conversation

Answer 15

performance

Question 16

how does classical conditioning relate to SAD?

Answer 16

If someone has a panic attack, they associate it with the social situation (conditioned response) causing fear that another will occur in similar context next time

Question 17

symptoms of ptsd

Answer 17

• quick to anger
• easily startled
• exposed to a trauma
• hyper vigilant to surroundings
  Originally a panic disorder, DSM5 updated to it being stressor- and trauma related disorder

Question 18

which is NOT an example of obsession for OCD?
- doubting thoughts
- focused thoughts
- aggressive thoughts
- contamination thoughts

Answer 18

focused thoughts

Question 19

what is needed in an ocd diagnosis?

Answer 19

• obsessions/compulsions take up at least an hour a day

Question 20

define thought action fusion

Answer 20

The tendency to overestimate the relationship between a thought and an action, ex believing a “bad” thought is the equivalent of a “bad” action

Question 21

Treatment for anxiety

Answer 21

• meds: anti-depressant/anti-anxiety/mild tranquillizers (high relapse rate)
• exposure based cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), exposure therapy

Question 22

When Olivia was a child, she observed how her mother would count calories and restrict her eating. Now Olivia deals with her stressors by avoiding food and staying slender. Olivia’s early experiences being channeled into a food-related anxiety is an example of a ______ and _________ vulnerability.

• caloric
  -psychological
  -biological
• Specific
• genetic

Answer 22

psychological specific

Question 23

Filomena has been seeing a therapist for two weeks. Based on the symptoms, Dr. Sharma believes that Filomena is suffering from generalized anxiety disorder. For how long will the symptoms need to have been present for this diagnosis to be appropriate?

Answer 23

6 months

Question 24

From a behavioral perspective, the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder may become inadvertently ______ when a person feels that their worry has led to some sort of positive outcome.

Answer 24

reinforced

Question 25

Lamar has had panic attacks for some time, and when this happens he usually gets a feeling of tightness and squeezing in his chest. As a result he has stopped wearing compression t-shirts when he works out, and usually wears shirts that are one size too big. This attempt to avoid an internal sensation associated with a panic attack is called ______.
- internalized negative reinforcement
- somatic decatastrophizing
- interoceptive avoidance
- physical dissociation
- body dysmorphia

Answer 25

interoceptive avoidance

Question 26

Anna is invited by her friends to go to a choir performance in a large recital hall. They do not know that she has a terrible fear of such places, because the crowds make her feel trapped. Anna declines to go, but does not tell her friends that she suffers from ______

Answer 26

agoraphobia

Question 27

Many children incorrectly believe that if they have angry wishes about a friend or relative, such wishes could amount to actual harm befalling that person. This overestimation of the relationship between one’s thoughts and actual actions is called thought-action ______.

Answer 27

fusion