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psych 100 sem 2 > Personality Traits > Flashcards

Personality Traits Flashcards

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1
Q

what does OCEAN stand for? what is that model called?

A
  • five factor model/the big five
    Openness
    Conscientiousness
    Extraversion
    Agreeableness
    Neuroticism
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2
Q

what word describes the characteristic, routine ways of thinking, feeling, and relating to others.

A

personality

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3
Q

what are personality traits

A

dispositions in behavior that show differences across individuals, and which tend to characterize the person across varying types of situations.

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4
Q

what are personality traits

A

dispositions in behavior that show differences across individuals, and which tend to characterize the person across varying types of situations.

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5
Q

what are continuous distributions

A

charictaristics can from low to high, w different values, ability to possess amount of it its not just have it or not

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6
Q

Define extraversion, where do most ppl score on a cont. distribution scale?

A
  • trait, persons tendency to be sociable, outgoing, active and assertive
  • most score in the middle
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7
Q

what are the three criteria that characterize personality traits

A
  • consistency
  • stability
  • individual differences
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8
Q

what is the lexical hypothesis

A
  • idea that most important differences between ppl are encoded in language used to describe ppl
  • how ppl describe themselves and other=most important
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9
Q

what is factor analysis

A

grouping similar things together according to association

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10
Q

Define openness

A
  • curiosity, creativity, emotional breadth, open-mindedness
  • interest/awe
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11
Q

Define conscientiousness

A
  • careful, organized, hardworking, follow rules
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12
Q

Define Agreeableness

A
  • compassionate, cooperative, warm, caring
  • low=hostile, selfish, rude etc
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13
Q

define neuroticism

A
  • interpersonally sensitive, experience negative emotions like anxiety, fear, sadness, anger
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14
Q

what would you score high/low on if you prefer sur of the moment action and are quite careless

A

low on conscientiouness

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15
Q

t or f: in the five factor model, one score can give you a good idea on how you’d score on others

A

false, each score is dependent on itself

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16
Q

what are facets

A
  • broad personality traits that can be broken down into narrower aspects of the trait
  • ex. extraversion= sociability, dominance, risk taking etc
17
Q

what are the two traits that people argue could replace the five?

A

extraversion and neuroticism

18
Q

What is the alternative model to the big five?

A
  • HEXACO model
  • like OCEAN but add honesty-humility
    Honesty-Humility [H]
    Emotionality [E]
    Extraversion [X]
    Agreeableness [A]
    Conscientiousness [C]
    Openness [O]
19
Q

Example of other traits not included in the big five that are important to study

A
  • need for cognition
  • optimism
  • self-esteem
  • authoritarianism
  • machiavellianism (manipulative)
  • alexithymia (cant recognize emotions)
20
Q

What did Walter Mischel publish about in the late 1960s with his book Personality and Assessment? What debate followed it?

A
  • that ppl arent consistent from one situation to the next
  • not a lot of relation, its situation based
  • person-situation debate
21
Q

what is the person-situation debate

A
  • power of personality traits when compared to situational influences on behaviour
  • ppl overestimate Personality consistancies
22
Q

what is the alternative assessment of personality provided by the person situation debate

A

how ppl react in terms of risk and reward and evaluation of abilities and values

23
Q

t or f: personality traits are good at determining how ppl will act in specific situations

A

false, they are mainly how ppl act on average

24
Q

The enduring dispositions that people show across situations are called personality ______.

dimensions.
traits.
aphorisms.
idiographs.
projections

A

traits

25
Q

______ refers to the fact that traits tend not to change very much over time. As an example, if a person tends to be very anxious as a 30-year old, they would probably be rather anxious as a 40-year old.

Foundation.
Stability.
Satisfaction.
Validity.
Externalization

A

Stability

26
Q

Richard tends to be a very positive person but Kenny is a rather grumpy person. This contrast reflects one of the three main criteria of a personality trait, which is ______.

stability.
gender effects.
internalization.
individual differences.
persistence

A

individual differences.

27
Q

What was the basic premise of the lexical hypothesis, introduced by Allport and Odbert?

  • Personality characteristics should be reflected in the language that we use to describe people..
  • Personality traits can change but, over time, they will all regress to an average expression..
  • Each person goes through eight different “life stages,” and each stage includes a crisis that must be resolved..
  • Personality traits change in bilingual people; they act one way when speaking one language and a different way while speaking a second language..
  • Early childhood experiences shape adult personalities.
A

Personality characteristics should be reflected in the language that we use to describe people..

28
Q

______ is a statistical technique that allows one to group things together according to how highly they are associated (or how similar they truly are).

Factor analysis.
Longitudinal analysis.
Qualitative grouping.
Structural equation modeling.
Path analysis

A

Factor analysis.

29
Q

What is the best way to describe the relationship between the personality traits in the Five-Factor Model?

  • The traits are relatively independent. A high score on one trait tells little about a score on another trait..
  • The traits are all positively correlated. A high score on one of the traits tends to predict a high score on another..
  • Two of the traits – Extraversion and Conscientiousness – are positively correlated..
  • Three traits– Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Openness – are positively correlated..
  • The traits are all negatively correlated. A high score on one of the traits tends to predict a low score on another.
A

The traits are relatively independent. A high score on one trait tells little about a score on another trait..

30
Q

In a new revision of the Five-Factor approach to personality traits, called the HEXACO model, a sixth trait has been added. What is that newer trait?

Approach/Avoidance.
Carelessness/Carefulness.
Confidence/Uncertainty.
Creativity/Detail Orientation.
Honesty/Humility

A

Honesty/Humility

31
Q

what is it called when ppl drop out of bad fits in enviro

A

attrition

32
Q

hostile attribution bias

A
  • when ppl interpret interactions as aggressive, disrespectful or antagonistic (they will mirror that reaction)
33
Q

what are the three components a good psychometric test aim to have

A
  • validity
  • reliability
  • standardization
34
Q

active person-enviro transations

A
  • picking specific enviros that fit their personality
35
Q

reactive person-enviro transactions

A
  • reacting differently to stim based on personality
36
Q

evocative person-enviro transaction

A
  • ppl elicit responses from enviro bc of personality
  • attraction, they are attracted to enviro that reflect personality

psych 100 sem 2 (36 decks)

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