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OB 2 > Fetal Head and Neck > Flashcards

Fetal Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What is the critical period of brain development?

A

3-16 weeks

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2
Q

Impacts on Brain Development (3)?

A
  1. Folic Acid Deficiency
  2. Toxoplasmosis
  3. Radiation
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3
Q

Microcephaly is AKA?

A

Zika Virus

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4
Q

What is macrocephaly most commonly caused by?

A

Hydrocephalus

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5
Q

How many measurements are taken of the MCA velocity? What measurement is used?

A

Three are taken and the highest velocity is used

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6
Q

Between how many weeks does the cerebellum have a 1:1 ratio with GA?

A

16-24 weeks

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7
Q

When do the fetal eyes migrate to their midline position?

A

End of first trimester

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8
Q

What is hypotelorism most commonly associated with?

A

Holoprosencephaly

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9
Q

What can IOD and OOD measure?

A

Hypo and hypertelorism

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10
Q

What two abnormalities are associated with macroglossia?

A

BWS and Trisomy 21

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11
Q

Fetuses with micrognathia are at risk of what kind of distress?

A

Respiratory

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12
Q

T or F? Cleft lip is more commonly seen in females

A

FALSE: more common in males

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13
Q

CL and CP are usually seen as part of what abnormality?

A

Trisomy

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14
Q

What anomaly is most likely seen in an isolated CL or CP?

A

Clubfoot - isolated is more common in females

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15
Q

What anomaly is likely seen in combination of CL and CP?

A

Polydactyly - combination is more common in males

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16
Q

What is meroencephaly also known as?

A

Anencephaly

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17
Q

What is the most common neural tube defect?

A

Anencephaly/ Meroencephaly

18
Q

T or F? Anencephaly is predominantly female

A

True

19
Q

Anencephaly should not be diagnosed prior to how many weeks?

A

12

20
Q

What abnormality has a frog like appearance and a high degree of fetal activity?

A

Acrania

21
Q

What abnormality is due to brain destruction and replacement of normal tissue with fluid?

A

Hyrdanencephaly

22
Q

What are the causes of third trimester brain destruction? (4)

A
  1. CMV
  2. Toxoplasmosis
  3. Herpes simples
  4. CO exposure
23
Q

What is known as complete or near complete absence of the cerebral cortex?

A

Hydranencephaly

24
Q

Incomplete cleavage and rotation of the embryonic what characterizes holoprosencephaly?

A

Forebrain

25
Q

What are the three types of holoprosencephaly and what is the worst?

A
  1. Alobar - worst
  2. Semilobar
  3. Lobar
26
Q

What does the corpus callosum connect?

A

Cerebral hemispheres

27
Q

What is the term for a teardop shape of the lateral ventricles and what abnormality is seen?

A

Colpocephaly.

Agenesis of the corpus callosum

28
Q

What Dandy Walker abnormality is the most severe and least severe?

A

Dandy Walker Malformation - worst
Dandy Walker Variant
Mega cisterna magna - usually a good prognosis

29
Q

Hydrocephalus is most frequently associated with what abnormality?

A

Spina bifida

30
Q

Dangling choroid plexus is seen in what abnormality?

A

Ventriculomegaly

31
Q

When do CPC usually resolve?

A

By end of the second trimester

32
Q

Nuchal fold is measured at what level in the brain? (hint: 3 landmarks)

A
  1. Vermis
  2. CSP
  3. Thalamus
33
Q

What is the NF predominantly a marker for?

A

Trisomy 21

34
Q

What abnormality occurs when the lymphatic system fails to drain?

A

Cystic hygroma

35
Q

Cystic hygroma is the predominant finding in what abnormality?

A

Turner Syndrome/ Monosomy X

36
Q

What is the purpose of CP?

A

Produces and reabsorbs CSF

37
Q

In what plane can orbits be measured to assess hypotelorism and hypertelorism?

A) Coronal
B) Axial
C) TRV
D) SAG

A

B - axial

38
Q

In what part of the lateral ventricle do CP cysts develop?

A

Atria

39
Q

What is the most common craniofacial anomaly?

A

Facial clefts

40
Q

What is porencephaly?

A

Fluid filled areas or cysts within the brain

41
Q

What is lissencephaly?

A

“Smooth brain” - lack of folds within the cerebral cortex

OB 2 (20 decks)

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