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OB 2 > Fetal Chest > Flashcards

Fetal Chest Flashcards

1
Q

Ossification of clavicles occur during what week?

Scapula?

Sternum?

A

Clavicles: 8 weeks

Scapula: 10 weeks

Sternum: 21-27 weeks

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2
Q

When may the soft tissues in the chest appear thickened?

A
  1. Fetal edema
  2. Fat deposits due to a diabetic mother
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3
Q

What can thoracic circumference help rule out?

A

Pulmonary hypoplasia

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4
Q

At what level in a TRV view is a thoracic circumference measured?

A

Level of the heart just above the diaphragm

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5
Q

T or F? All TC/AC ratios that are low are due to pulmonary hypoplasia

A

FALSE: A small TC could just be a small thorax and be completely normal

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6
Q

How much of the thorax should the heart take up?

A

1/3 - at the level of the AV valves

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7
Q

In what possible situations may the heart take up more than 1/3rd of the thorax?

A
  1. Pulmonary Hypoplasia
  2. Cardiomegaly
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8
Q

What do the primary bronchial buds grow into?

A

The pleural cavity

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9
Q

In what week does the bronchi form?

A

5th

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10
Q

When does respiration become possible?

A

24th week

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11
Q

What structure aids in respiration?

A

Terminal saccules

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12
Q

What is the lung echogenicity early in gestation compared to later?

A

Equal or less than the liver earlier and becomes brighter with increasing gestation

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13
Q

T or F? Sonography is a good tool to assess lung maturity

A

FALSE

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14
Q

Is the thymus located anterior or posterior to the Ao and PA?

A

Anterior

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15
Q

When is assessing the thymus useful?

A

When predicting IUGR and chorioamnionitis

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16
Q

At what vertebral level is the larynx located?

A

C3-6

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17
Q

What may be suspected in the presence of a persistently fluid filled trachea?

A

Laryngeal atresia or stenosis

18
Q

T or F? Bronchogenic cysts communicate directly with trachea or main stem bronchi

A

TRUE

19
Q

What may fetuses present with in cases of CCAM?

A

Hydrops
Ascites
Polyhydramnios

20
Q

Sonographic features of the types of CCAM?

A

Type I - pulmonary mass with one or more large cysts (2-10cm)

Type II - echogenic mass with small cysts (0.5 - 2cm)

Type III - Homogenous echogenic mass

21
Q

How can you tell a CCAM apart from pulmonary sequestration or diaphragmatic hernia?

A

Colour - CCAM presents vascularity

22
Q

T or F? Pulmonary sequestration communicates with the tracheobronchial tree

A

FALSE: It is a piece of non-functioning lung tissue

23
Q

T or F? Pulmonary sequestration is more common in females

A

FALSE

24
Q

Do patients with intralobar or extralobar pulmonary sequestration have a better prognosis?

A

Extralobar

25
Q

In CCAM, where does its blood supply come from?

A

Pulmonary artery

26
Q

What is immune fetal hydrops also called?

A

Erythroblastosis fetalis

27
Q

What may cause immune fetal hydrops?

A
  1. Rh incompatibility
  2. Anemia
28
Q

What form of hydrops is most lethal?

A

Non-immune

29
Q

What may cause non-immune hydrops?

A
  1. TORCH infections
  2. Heart arrythmias
  3. Chromosomal abnormalities: Turner syndrome, Trisomies 18 and 21
30
Q

Sonographic findings of non-immune hydrops?

A
  1. Skin thickening
  2. Pleural and pericardial effusion
  3. Ascites
  4. Hepatomegaly
  5. Splenomegaly
31
Q

What does CDH stand for?

A

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

32
Q

What is the postero-lateral CDH called?

A

Foramen of bochdalek and is the most common

33
Q

On what side are CDH usually occur?

A

Left

34
Q

What is the term for bowel protruding from the abdomen into the diaphragm?

A

Eventration

35
Q

What is antero-medial herniation called?

A

Foramen of margagni

36
Q

Why are left sided hernias more common?

A

Because the liver protects the right side and prevents herniation

37
Q

What can result in a good prognosis of CDH?

A

If surgical intervention is done before lung development completes (24 weeks)

38
Q

In what week does the bronchi form?

A

5th week

39
Q

What comprises half of all intra-thoracic abnormalities noted on fetal examinations?

A

Pleural Effusion

40
Q

In what trimester does CCAM begin to develop? When will it be seen on ultrasound?

A

First but won’t be seen on ultrasound until the second

41
Q

T or F? Serial examinations have demonstrated a significant decrease or the spontaneous resolution of CCAMs antenatally

A

True

42
Q

Why is it important to evaluate the post skin surface?

A

Look for breaks in the skin –> myelomeningocele

OB 2 (20 decks)

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