Protozoal infections - 5B

Question 1

how do protozoa reproduce

Answer 1

asexually

Question 2

what are protozoa

Answer 2

• single cells eukaryotic microbes

Question 3

what are protozoa usually

Answer 3

• form cysts
• often motile
• acquire nutrients by direct uptake of compounds or ingestion

Question 4

what are the 2 things protozoa be?

Answer 4

• natural living
• parasites

Question 5

what relationship is paratism?

Answer 5

symbiotic

Question 6

what are the 4 key protozoas?

Answer 6

• Amoeba
• Flagellate
• Apicomplexa
• Ciliate

Question 7

how is entamoeba histolytic spread?

Answer 7

by contaminated water or food -> ingestion of cysts

Question 8

what can entamoeba histolytic invade?

Answer 8

INTESTINAL WALL- > DYSENTERY AS WELL AS BRAIN, LIVER AND LUNGS FORMING ABSCESSES

Question 9

what do amoeba target in entamoeba histolytic ?

Answer 9

gut MUCOSA cells and cause amoebic dysentery, appendicitis and toxic megacolon

Question 10

can entamoeba histolytic be fatal?

Answer 10

yes, the fulminant can be

Question 11

how many infections can entamoeba histolytic have

Answer 11

500 million

Question 12

name 2 treatments of entamoeba histolytic

Answer 12

metronidazole to target trophozoites

iodoquinol to target cysts

Question 13

what can giardia lamblia be carried by?

Answer 13

animals

Question 14

what is the minimum infective dose of Giardia lamblia

Answer 14

10 cysts

Question 15

what are symptoms of Giardia lamblia

Answer 15

can be asymptomatic

diarrhoea

malabsorption

can be chronic as cysts can be resistant

Question 16

what can metronidazole do for Giardia lamblia

Answer 16

inhibit nucleic acid synthesis

Question 17

when do drugs work for Giardia lamblia

Answer 17

when PARTIALLY REDUCED (only in protozoa)

Question 18

what is another treatment for Giardia lamblia and what does it do

Answer 18

• QUINACRINE
• interferes with electron transport and furazolidone interferes with DNA replication

Question 19

what can reduce transmissions of infections

Answer 19

• hand washing after defecation
• using a toilet

Question 20

what do cysts rely on to survive?

Answer 20

faeces in environment and finding a new host

Question 21

how is Trichomonas vaginalis spread

Answer 21

• sexual intercourse
• indirectly

Question 22

what does Trichomonas vaginalis infect?

Answer 22

vagina

prostate

seminal vesicles and urethra

Question 23

who is Trichomonas vaginalis symptomatic in?

Answer 23

women

not in men

Question 24

symptoms of Trichomonas vaginalis?

Answer 24

yellowish discharge

itching and burning

Question 25

what is used for treatment in Trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 25

metronidazole

Question 26

what is used for diagnosis in Trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 26

observation of motile protists in discharge

Question 27

what is Leishmaniasis

Answer 27

parasitic disease caused by flagellated protozoan leishmania

Question 28

what is the carrier of Leishmaniasis

Answer 28

sandfly

Question 29

how do sandfly spread infection?

Answer 29

• bite human skin
• parasite enters blood growing in macrophages

Question 30

other facts about Leishmaniasis

Answer 30

• nodules form on skin
• grows larger and contains active parasites
• heals spontaneously

Question 31

how is Leishmaniasis treated?

Answer 31

antimony injection for acute infection

blood transfusions for visceral infections