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BI543—Pathogenic Microbiology > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

C. diph grows on…

A

blood
Loeffler slant

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2
Q

C. diph shows blackening with…

A

tellurite

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3
Q

C diph characteristics

A

GP
rod/club
non-spore

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4
Q

Pleimorphic

A

take V/L/Y-shaped arrangements of 2 bacteria or more

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5
Q

pleimorphic bacteria

A

C. diph

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6
Q

granules unique to C diph

A

Metachromatic (volutin) granules

stores of polyphosphage (excess phosphorus)

bluish/brownish lumps

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7
Q

staining used for C diph

A

albert staining

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8
Q

Loeffler grows…
contains….

A

C. diph
protein and fat

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9
Q

diphtheria transmitted by…

A

aerosol droplet

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10
Q

diphtheria presentation

A

malaise, low-grade fever, sore throat, loss of appetite

Pseudomembrane

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11
Q

pseudomembrane

A

buildup of fibrin, bacteria, and dead WBCs - forms in back of throat - cannot be scraped away, embedded in tissue

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12
Q

diphtheria vaccine contains…

A

Vaccine consists of heat-treated B fragment toxoid

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13
Q

necessary to make DT

A

lysogenization with corynebacteriophage

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14
Q

genome for C diph normally contains a —— that blocks —–

A

normally produces a DtxR regulator that blocks the toxin gene tox

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15
Q

iron involvement in DT

A

Iron is a corepressor - when present, it binds apo-DtxR, which sits on operator for tox

if Iron is absent, DT is made

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16
Q

DT:

———- of component — binds ——-, which is found on many tissues, including heart and nervous

triggers……

A

Domain R of component B binds Heparin-Binding Epidermal Growth Factor (HB-EGF), which is found on many tissues, including heart and nervous - triggers uptake via endosomification

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17
Q

DT:

Upon acidification of the endosome, the ——– of component — triggers insertion of toxin through endosomal membrane

disulfide bridge is reduced, and component —- is released

A

Upon acidification of the endosome, the T domain of component B triggers insertion of toxin through endosomal membrane - disulfide bridge is reduced, and component A is released

18
Q

action of DT

A

DT acts by ADP-ribosylation of Elongation Factor 2 (EF-2)

adenine from NAD+ is attached to residue

this inactivates EF-2, and if enough are inactivated, protein synthesis stops, and the cell dies

19
Q

special amino acid involved in DT

A

diphthamide
modified histidine

20
Q

C. bot grows on…

A

Willis-hobbs medium

includes peptone, meat extract, lactose, egg yolk, skim milk

21
Q

C. bot characteristics

A

GP, spore-forming, rod-shaped

tennis-racket shape caused by spores

22
Q

staining for C. bot

A

Endospores are stained with malachite green, and vegatative cells stain with safranin

23
Q

C. bot causes…..
not infection

A

intoxication

24
Q

inactivates BoNT

A

heat

25
Q

BoNT attacks….

A

attacks neuromuscular junctions and autonomic synapses

26
Q

botulism presentation

A

generalized flaccid paralysis, n/v, double vision, h/a, slurred speech

27
Q

tx for botulism

A

neutralizing antitoxin administered quickly

28
Q

explain infant botulism

A

microbiota can’t outcompete C. bot
spores from honey germinate in LI
paralytic sx, constipation
tx is baby immunoglobulin

29
Q

explain wound botulism

A

Killer of soldiers
Anaerobic pockets in deep wounds
Spores germinate, and toxin enters bloodstream
Encourage bleeding in deep/puncture wounds to wash out spores

30
Q

present on ACh vesicles in axon terminal

A

synaptotagmin (syt)
synaptobrevin (VAMP)

31
Q

anchor ACh vesicle to the membrane at the axon terminal

A

Syntaxin
SNAP25
complexin

32
Q

—– part of BoNT makes it into bloodstream

A

derivative

33
Q

light chains of BoNT are ———–,
which degrade….

A

metalloproteinases

VAMP, syntaxin, and SNAP25

34
Q

ultimate effect of BoNT on NMJ

A

prevention of ACh release

35
Q

C. tet characteristics

A

GP, spore-forming, rod-shaped

36
Q

C. tet causes (infection/intoxication)

A

infection
high doses of TeNT

37
Q

C. tet transmission

A

deep puncture wounds
anoxic pockets in flesh

38
Q

in common between BoNT and TeNT

A

Both code for zinc-requiring endopeptidases
Both cleave VAMP

39
Q

location of effects of TeNT in high doses

A

CNS
affects inhibitory neurons

40
Q

ultimate effect of TeNT on NMJ

A

blocks release of glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid

BI543—Pathogenic Microbiology (10 decks)

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